COMPANION ANIMALS

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COMPANION ANIMALS

• BIRDS CATS
• CHINCHILLAS CHIPMUNKS
• DOGS FERRETS
• FISH GERBILS
• GUINEA PIGS HAMSTERS
• INSECTS LIZARDS
• MICE RABBITS
• RATS REPTILES
• EXOTICS LARGE ANIMALS

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Eukaryote Division
Eukaryote Animalia Kingdom
Animalia Chordata Phylum
Chordata Aves Class
Aves Psittaciformes Order
Passeriformes Psittacidae Family
Sittidae Ara Genus
Sitta Macao Species
Carolinensis
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8600 species
More being discovered each year
More than 5300 species of passerines, alone
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Early Ancestors of Birds

• Pterosaurs 190 million yrs ago
• Huge, wingspans of 23 feet, ate fish!!
• Archaeopteryx
• Moa Australia huge 2x human
• Reptilian ancestors teeth, claws

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Features of Birds

• Teeth missing, jaw muscles missing, light
  horn-covered bill, limb bones are hollow
  (humerus), bones are fused at the rear of the
  body-provides stability and attachment for
  feathers, legs are close to midline of bird and
  slight to the rear to provide balance, legs are
  strong for lift-off and hopping

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Features of Birds

• Feet are specialized
• Four toes arranged in typical 31 or 22
• 22 called zygodactyl. Surer grip, climbing, use
  feet like hands
• Claws are used for gripping and preening
• Bills are used for cracking.
• Upper and lower bills can be moved separately

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Features of Birds

• Wing of the bird is built around three digits,
  similar to human fingers.
• Wrist bones are fused for strength into the
  carpometacarpus
• Clavicles are joined together to form the
  wishbone
• Sternum bound to the backbone by ribs
• Heavy muscles on bottom of body

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Features of Birds

• Excepting bill, feet, legs, body is feathered
• Feather tracts are called pterylae
• Bald areas of body are apteria
• Feathers (hair,nails) - protein keratin
• Body or contour feathers strong, elongated
  flight feathers warm, wispy down feathers next
  to body

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Features of Birds

• Sulphur-containing amino acids are essential for
  feathering
• Feathers flight, insulation (106-110 degrees),
  waterproofing, modified to assist lifestyle
  woodpecker tail vulture head, sexual dimorphism

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BIRDS

• All birds have feathers
• All birds have lightweight bones
• All birds produce calcareous eggs

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