STATE UNIVERSITY OF MALANG

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GRAMMAR
A.N. AFANDI, S.T., M.T.
kenarook_at_yahoo.com
MALANG JOINT CAMPUS
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MALANG
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Netherlands East Indies Railway Company (NEIR)
built railways in Indonesia in 1867. The first
traject line from Semarang to Tanggung. Then
Jakarta to Surabaya was connected a railway. This
trip took three days and faster than cow
carriage. Although this seems like along time
today but travelling was very important before.
At present a train is powered by coal or fuel.

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Analysing Text
paragraphs
sentences
clauses
groups / phrases
Words/Vocabulary
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Classification of Words
Nouns Verbs Prepositions Determiners Conjunctions
Pronouns Adjectives Adverbs
table, chair, love, Stalin, Eiffel Tower have,
be, do, jump, swim, seem in, of, with, between,
on top of the, a, an, my, your, this, those and,
but, so, as, because this, those, whose,
mine big, blue, smart, tall, brick-built fast,
quickly, successfully

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Conjunctions

• Conjunctions join words, phrases or clauses in a
  sentence.
• A Coordinating conjunction joins together words
  or clause of equal value.

and, but, so, as, because, etc
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Articles

• There are two kinds of article indefinite a
  and an, definite the
• The article the is used to indicate a thing
  that has been identified
• The article a is used before a word beginning
  with consonant sound
• The article an is used before a word beginning
  with a vowel sound

a an the
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Adverbs
Answer the questions How, where, when why
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Prepositions
above, over on to
in from through into
out of by below, under

• in used to indicate time month, year, season,
  cities, country, town
• on used to street, floor, days, date
• at used to address, exact time

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Clauses
Who That Whom Where When Why whose
I recommended
Can you remember
This is the house
Susan was born
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Active and Passive Voice
Active Voice
The policeman chases the thief
The thief is chased by the policeman
The policeman chased the thief
The thief was chased by the policeman
Passive Voice
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Active and Passive Voice
The policeman is chasing the thief The policeman
has chased the thief The policeman will chase the
thief
The thief is being chased by the policeman The
thief has been chased by the policeman The thief
will be chased by the policeman