PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS

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PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS
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PSYCHOSOMATIC

• PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS (REAL PHYSICAL
  DISORDERS)
• DISORDERS IN WHICH THERE IS REAL PHYSICAL ILLNESS
  THAT IS LARGELY CAUSED BY PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS
  SUCH AS STRESS AND ANXIETY
• EXAMPLES
• ULCERS, HEADACHES, ALLERGIES, ASTHMA, HIGH BLOOD
  PRESSURE, ETC.
• VALID PHYSICAL BASIS
• THOUGHT TO BE CAUSED BY OR EXACERBATED BY STRESS,
  ANXIETY, AND OTHER PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS.

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PSYCHOSOMATIC

• MODERN MEDICINE LEANS THAT ALL PHYSICAL AILMENTS
  ARE TO SOME EXTENT PSYCHOSOMATIC
• IN THE SENSE THAT, STRESS ANXIETY AND VARIOUS
  STATES OF EMOTIONAL AROUSAL ALTER BODY CHEMISTRY,
  BODY ORGANS, AND THE BODYS IMMUNE SYSTEM.

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SOMATOFORM DISORDERS
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SOMATOFORM

• SOMATOFORM DISORDER
• DISORDER IN WHICH THERE IS AN APPARENT PHYSICAL
  ILLNESS FOR WHICH THERE IS NO ORGANIC BASIS.
• INVOLVE PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS OF SERIOUS BODILY
  DISORDERS WITHOUT ANY PHYSICAL EVIDENCE OF
  ORGANIC CAUSES FOR THEM.
• THE SYMPTOMS ARE REAL AND NOT UNDER VOLUNTARY
  CONTROL

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SOMATOFORM

• SOMATIZATION DISORDER
• PERSON FEELS VAGUE, RECURRING PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS
  FOR WHICH MEDICAL ATTENTION HAS BEEN SOUGHT
  REPEATEDLY BUT NO ORGANIC CAUSE FOUND.
• EXAMPLE BACKPAIN, DIZZINESS, PARTIAL PARALYSIS,
  ABDOMINAL PAINS, SOMETIMES ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

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SOMATOFORM

• CONVERSION DISORDER
• A DRAMATIC SPECIFIC DISABILITY HAS NO PHYSICAL
  CAUSE BUT INSTEAD SEEMS RELATED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL
  PROBLEMS (PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS ARE CONVERTED
  INTO A PHYSICAL ILLNESS.)
• EXAMPLES PARALYSIS, BLINDNESS, DEAFNESS,
  SEIZURES, LOSS OF FEELING, OR FALSE PREGNANCY
  (MUSCLES AND NERVES ARE INTACT).
• GLOVE ANESTHESIA
• LA BELLE INDIFFERENCE (BEAUTIFUL INDIFFERENCE)

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SOMATOFORM

• HYPOCHONDRIASIS
• PERSON INTERPRETS INSIGNIFICANT SYMPTOMS AS SIGNS
  OF SERIOUS ILLNESS IN THE ABSENCE OF ANY ORGANIC
  EVIDENCE OF SUCH ILLNESS
• PERSON INTERPRETS SOME SMALL SYMPTOM (COUGH,
  BRUISE, OR EVEN PERSPIRATION) AS A SIGN OF A
  SERIOUS DISEASE
• PSYCHOLOGISTS LOOK FOR EVIDENCE THAT THE ILLNESS
  RESOLVES A DIFFICULT CONFLICT OR RELIEVES THE
  PATIENT OF THE NEED TO CONFRONT A DIFFICULT
  SITUATION

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SOMATOFORM

• BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDER
• PERSON BECOMES SO PREOCCUPIED WITH HIS OR HER
  IMAGINED UGLINESS THAT NORMAL LIFE IS IMPOSSIBLE
• IMAGINED DEFECT
• ANOREXIA (POSSIBLY)

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SOMATOFORM

• PSYCHOANALYSTS
• SEE ALL SOMATOFORM DISORDERS AS A CONVERSION OF
  EMOTIONAL PROBLEMS TO PHYSICAL PROBLEMS
• FREUD----TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE BURIED IN THE PAST
  (LOSS OF SIGHT, LOSS OF USE OF HAND)
• BEHAVIORISTS
• LOOK FOR WAYS THAT SYMPTOMS COULD HAVE BEEN
  LEARNED AND STILL BE REWARDING

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SOMATOFORM

• BEHAVIORISTS
• BEING SICK ,IN THE PAST, MIGHT BE USED TO AVOID
  UNPLEASANT SITUATION
• TIMELY---HEADACHES AND STOMACHACHES HAVE
  SOLVED A LOT OF PROBLEMS OVER THE YEARS
• PERSON WHO IS ILL GETS MORE ATTENTION ETC.

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SOMATOFORM

• BIOLOGICAL
• RESEARCH SAYSHYPOCHONDRIACS SEEM TO BE
  UNUSUALLY SENSITIVE TO THEIR OWN INTERNAL
  PROCESSES
• NO HEREDITARY BASIS FOR SOMATOFORM DISORDERS HS
  YET BEEN ESTABLISHED

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SOMATOFORM(MUNCHAUSEN)

• MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME BY PROXY
• INVOLVES A CAREGIVERS PERSISTENT FABRICATION OF
  MEDICAL SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS IN THE PERSON CARED
  FOR (TYPICALLY A MOTHER/CHILD RELATIONSHIP)
  LEADING TO ILLNESS, ENDANGERMENT, AND UNNECESSARY
  INVASIVE OR HAZARDOUS TREATMENTS.
• MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME
• PATIENT IS USUALLY ADMITTED TO A HOSPITAL
  PRSENTING SOME ACUTE ILLNESS THAT HAS A DRAMATIC
  BUT PLAUSIBLE ORIGIN. IT IS SUBSEQUENTLY
  DISCOVERED THAT THE HISTORY IS RIDDLED WITH
  FALSEHOODS, AND THATTHE PATIENT HAS SIMILARLY
  DECEIVED THE STAFF OF SEVERAL OTHER HOSPITALS.

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MUNCHAUSEN

• KEY ELEMENTS PRESENCE OF PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS THAT
  ARE SELF-INDUCED (OR OTHER-INDUCED, MOTHER/CHILD
  PROXY), PATHOLOGICAL LYING
• BARON MUNCHAUSEN WAS A TELLER OF TALL TALES
• ILLISTRATIVE CASES

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MUNCHAUSEN

• ACUTE ABDOMINAL DISTURBANCES
• SWALLOW FORK REPEATEDLY
• HEMORRAGHIC DISTURBANCES
• CONTAMINATED WOUNDS
• NEUROLOGICAL DISTURBANCES
• UNNEEDED FRONTAL LOBOTOMY
• RESPIRATORY DISTURBANCES
• INSSERT NEEDLES INTO CHEST INGEST INFECTED
  SPUTUM
• OTHER PATIENTS REPEATEDLY SWALLOW SAFETY PINS OR
  NEEDLES SOME SELF-INFLICT STAB WOUNDS, OR
  PRUPOSELY IRRITATE SCABS AND BLISTERS TO PREENT
  HEALING AND PROMOTE INFECTION