Alcohol and Tobacco

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Alcohol and Tobacco
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Alcohol

• 8 / 10 college students drink.
• 2 / 5 college students binge drink.
• Ethanol is the type of alcohol in beverages.
• alcohol is the amount of alcohol in the drink
  by volume.
• Proof is a description of alcohol content. It is
  always 2X the alcohol.
• One Drink
• 12 oz. beer _at_ 5
• 4 oz. table wine _at_ 12
• 1 oz. spirits _at_ 50

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Blood Alcohol Content

• Legal limit is 0.08. This is now the legal limit
  across all states.
• 0.05 is the level at which the good feelings
  associated with drinking are present but you are
  not intoxicated.
• 0.2 you are likely to pass out.
• 0.3 you are likely to go into a coma.
• 0.4 possible death.

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Blood Alcohol Content

• BAC is not always equal across people. Two
  drinks do not affect me the same way as they do
  you or your friend.
• Reactions at different BACs are not equal across
  people. Perhaps 0.05 to you is happy drunk
  while the same BAC to someone else is passed out
  drunk.

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Factors Affecting BAC

• Quantity of alcohol the more you drink the
  higher your BAC.
• How quickly you consume alcohol your liver can
  only process ½ an ounce of alcohol an hour.
• Strength of alcohol the stronger your drink, the
  quicker the alcohol enters your blood stream and
  in a greater quantity.

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Factors affecting your BAC

• Mixer with your alcohol water, juice, and milk
  slow your absorption of alcohol. Carbon dioxide
  speeds it up.
• Warmer alcohol also makes absorption quicker.
• The bigger the person, the more water they have
  in their body. The extra water content dilutes
  the alcohol resulting in a lowering effect on the
  BAC.

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Factors Affecting BAC

• Water levels are also relevant to your age. Older
  folks have a lower water content resulting in a
  higher BAC.
• Asians and Native Americans do not metabolize
  alcohol as quickly as whites so their BACs are
  higher.
• Aspirin and acetaminophen cause BAC to skyrocket.
  You may be over the legal limit after a single
  drink.

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Factors Affecting BAC

• Eating food slows the absorption rate of alcohol
  so your BAC is lower.
• BAC continues to rise after you stop drinking
  because there is alcohol in your stomach and
  intestines that still needs to be processed.
• Note Family history of alcoholism and physical
  tolerance of alcohol may allow you to act less
  drunk. Nonetheless, your BAC is unaffected and
  you still may be over the legal limit. DO NOT
  use how you feel to gauge if you can drive or
  not!!

DQ 7 Do you feel more drunk at the same BAC when
BAC is increasing or decreasing?
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Alcohol

• Intoxication is being drunk.
• Slurred speech.
• Poor coordination.
• Unsteady gait (walking).
• Abnormal eye movements.
• Impaired attention or memory.
• Stupor.
• Coma.

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Alcohol

• Alcohol Poisoning
• 1400 college students die annually.
• Mental Confusion.
• Vomiting.
• Seizures.
• Slow breathing.
• Irregular breathing.
• Hypothermia.

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Alcohol Poisoning What Do You Do?

• If breathing is less than 12 times / minute
• If breathing stops for at least 10 seconds
• If you are unable to wake him/her
• If skin is cold, clammy, pale, or bluish in
  color
• If choking on vomit occurs
• If any of the above occurs
• CALL 911. CALL 911. CALL 911.

12
Alcohol

• Alcohol and the body
• 15 minutes from oral administration to enter the
  blood stream.
• Peak alcohol concentration in the blood stream is
  1 hour after oral administration.
• So with last call _at_ 145a you are the most drunk
  you will be from that drink _at_ 245a. Remember
  that when you think you need that one last drink.
  You will be at home by the time its peak effects
  kick in.
• Digestive System
• Stomach 1st and then acid issues (ulcers).
• Liver metabolizes alcohol into fat.
• White blood cells are attracted to the liver
  which prevents them from doing their primary jobs.

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Alcohol

• Weight
• 7 kcals / g of alcohol.
• 1 drink has roughly 12-15 g so it is about 100
  calories.
• Alcohol stimulates your appetite so you are more
  likely to eat which increases the effect of
  alcohol on your overall body size.
• Alcohol leads to bigger bellies and waists. This
  type of fat storage has the most adverse health
  effects.
• Beer has the most effect wine has the least.

DQ 8 Is it really important, or just silly, when
beer companies promote the carb. differences?
Would it make more sense to talk about the
alcohol differences?
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Alcohol

• Breast Cancer
• 2 or more drinks daily results in a 40 increased
  risk of developing breast cancer.
• A single daily drink increases risk of breast
  cancer by 3-4. Each additional drink raises
  your risk 7.
• Immune System
• Inhibits production and effectiveness of white
  blood cells and red blood cells.

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Alcohol

• Cardiovascular System
• Moderate alcohol consumption has positive
  benefits such as lower mortality rates after a MI
  and lower risk for a MI.
• MI protection most strongly associated with beer
  and liquor than with wine. (That contradicts
  earlier studies that said wine was tops for MI
  protection).

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Alcohol

• Brain and Behavior
• Impaired perceptions bright lights cause more
  trouble and your eyes cant adjust to glare as
  effectively. Sounds are difficult to determine
  where they came from.
• Impaired motor skills you have less accuracy and
  coordination when using your muscles.
• Sexual performance both genders are more
  interested and willing, but men may have a more
  difficult time getting and maintaining an
  erection.
• Dulled sense of smell and taste.

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Reasons for Alcohol Use

• Inherited Susceptibility
• 50-60 of a persons vulnerability to develop a
  serious drinking problem comes directly from
  genetics.
• Childhood Trauma
• More dramatic for women. Physical or sexual
  abuse as a child often manifests into alcoholism
  later in life.
• Depression
• Women more likely to be depressed prior to
  drinking and to have depression and alcohol
  problems at the same time.

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Reasons for Alcohol Use

• Relationship Issues
• Single relationship status means you are more
  likely to use alcohol more often.
• Psychological Factors
• Both genders are affected by this variable. Many
  folks drink to overcome feelings of inadequacy.
  However, women tend to make themselves feel worse
  by drinking.

DQ 9 Why do single folks drink more than married
ones?
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Reasons for Alcohol Use

• Self-Medication
• Women, more often than men, use alcohol as if it
  is a medicine and that is how they justify using
  alcohol to a greater degree.
• Social Ease
• Alcohol usually makes folks feel freer to express
  themselves. That results in less social anxiety
  and allows folks to have a better time while out.

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Reasons for Alcohol Use

• Role Models
• Athletes, parents, siblings, friends, etc. all
  play a part in our personal view of alcohol. If
  we know positive and successful folks that drink
  we will make the connection between alcohol and
  that success.
• Advertising
• Plays on what most folks want (money, sex, fame,
  attention) and purports that those things will
  come easier if we drink a certain product.

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College Drinking Costs

• 1700 student deaths each year.
• 599,000 injuries each year.
• 97,000 sexual assaults each year.
• Involved in 66 of all collegiate suicides.
• Involved in 90 of all collegiate rapes.
• Involved in 95 of all violent crimes on campus.

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Alcohol and Gender

• Men drink more often and in higher quantities and
  report more problems.
• Women absorb about 30 more alcohol than men.
• Fellas Do Not encourage/expect your lady to keep
  up.

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Alcohol and Race

• African Americans
• Drink less than whites.
• Higher increase in hypertension, esophageal
  cancer, cirrhosis of the liver, and homicide.
• Hispanics
• Women discouraged to drink.
• Men encouraged to drink heavily.
• American-born Hispanic men have the highest rates.

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Alcohol and Race

• Native Americans
• Many reservations ban alcohol use.
• 3X the rate of alcohol related injury and
  illness.
• Cirrhosis of the liver
• Women 36X the rate of white women.
• 4th leading cause of death for all Native
  Americans.
• Asian Americans
• The lowest alcoholism rate across the board.

25
Tobacco

• 20 of the American population smokes that is
  the same for college students.
• Smoking in college is not dependant upon having
  smoked in high school. Many folks begin to smoke
  in college.
• Smoking is linked with depression and a lower
  overall life-satisfaction.
• Men smoke to feel more masculine and less
  anxious.
• Women smoke to control weight.

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Tobacco

• Environmental tobacco smoke is classified as the
  most dangerous indoor air pollutant.
• Yes, that puts it higher than mold, asbestos,
  lead-paint fumes, and aerosol can fumes.
• Mainstream smoke is what the smoker inhales.
• Sidestream smoke is what everyone else in the
  room breathes in. The combination of the exhaled
  smoke and the smoke from the still burning
  cigarette.

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Sidestream Smoke

• Because the smoldering cigarette is burning at a
  lower temperature the smoke emitted is dirtier
  and more chemically damaging to our lungs.
• 2X as much tar and nicotine.
• 5X as much carbon dioxide.
• 50X as much ammonia.
• 35,000 HD deaths, 3,000 lung cancer deaths
  specifically from sidestream smoke.

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Tobacco

• It is not my job to make you stop smoking. But
  look, there is not a single good reason to smoke!
  The coolness factor is lowering daily. Every
  piece of information on smoking, and tobacco in
  general, is damning. You want to smoke to piss
  off your parents, find something different.
  Major in underwater basket weaving, Im sure
  thatll do it!

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Alcohol

• You want to drink, fine! The health benefits of
  drinking are real and verifiable. If you need a
  drink to help you feel more at ease socially to
  make friends, fine! Please, STOP before you are
  drunk. Nothing good comes from that 1 last final
  drink. Feeling great and stopping early beats
  the heck out of having 1 more and praying to the
  porcelain God.

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Alcohol

• So you went out and had a great time. Good. Im
  happy for you.
• DONT DRIVE HOME!!!
• DONT DRIVE HOME!!!
• Take a cab, call a friend, tell the bartender to
  call you a cab. Something, anything. Dont
  drive! If you dont care about your own personal
  consequences or what could happen to you, care
  about what happens to me. I might be on the road
  driving through town with my kids in the
  backseat. Please dont drive!