Mexico Telecommunications to support public education

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MexicoTelecommunications to support public
education

• Created by Jesus Gonzalez-Mendoza
• PSU ECE410 Wireless Communication.
• Winter 2008

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Mexico

• Oficial name Federal Republic of the United
  Mexican States.
• Capital Mexico Federal District (Mexico DF,
  commonly known as Mexico City).
• Official language None
• National language Spanish
• Government Federal Presidential Republic.
• Independence from Spain Declare Sep. 10th.
  1810 Recognized Sep. 27th. 1821

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Population

• Mestizos (mixed Spanish and Amerindian ancestry)
  60-75 of the total population.
• Amerindians (indigenous peoples) estimated to be
  between 12 (pure Amerindian) and 30
  (predominantly Amerindian). Indigenous peoples
  are considered the foundation of the Mexican
  pluricultural nation and therefore enjoy
  self-determination in certain areas. Indigenous
  languages are also considered "national
  languages" and are protected by law.
• Whites make up 9-17, mostly Spaniards or
  Spaniards descendants there are a minority of
  French, Italian, Portuguese, German, Irish,
  Polish, Romanian, Russian and British. Most are
  found in major cities.
• Mexico also received a large number of Lebanese,
  Turkish, Chinese, Japanese, Koreans and Filipino
  immigrants.
• Afro-Mexicans, mostly of mixed ancestry, live in
  the coastal areas of Veracruz, Tabasco and
  Guerrero.

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Religion

• Unlike some other Latin American countries,
  Mexico has no official religion
• The last census reported Roman Catholics 89
  About 6 of the population is Protestant. The
  2000 National census registered more than one
  million Jehovah's Witnesses. The presence of Jews
  in the country dates back to as early as 1521,
  according to the last national census by the
  INEGI, there are now more than 45,000 Mexican
  Jews. Additionally, almost three million people
  in the 2000 National Census reported having no
  religion

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Health and Education

• Life expectancy (data from 2007) is 75.63 years
  at birth (rank 71).
• Health and hospital care is free and available to
  all Mexicans through the Mexican Social Security
  Institute (IMSS) and the Security and Social
  Services Institute Workers for Government Workers
  (ISSSTE). Mostly centralized in large cities and
  offered by private hospitals. Residents of small
  towns have to travel to large urban centers to
  get specialized attention. Disparities between
  large cities, urban and rural are quite
  noticeable health coverage in rural and
  indigenous communities is poor.
• Health care costs in private institutions and
  prescription drugs in Mexico are on average lower
  than that in the neighboor USA drugs
  manufactured in Mexico are 50 less costly on
  average than those manufactured in the US.

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• Mexico has made improvements in education in the
  last two decades. In 2004, the literacy rate was
  at 91, and the youth literacy rate (ages 1524)
  was 96, placing Mexico at the 24th place in the
  world rank accordingly to UNESCO
• In the 1970s, Mexico established a system of
  "distance-learning" through satellite
  communications to reach small rural and
  indigenous communities. Telesecundarias in
  Mexico. The Mexican distance learning secondary
  education is also transmitted to some Central
  American countries and to Colombia, and it is
  used in some southern regions of the United
  States as a method of bilingual education. There
  are approximately 30,000 telesecundarias and
  approximately a million telesecundaria students
  in the country

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ECONOMY
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Disparity between Urban and Rural areas in Mexico
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• General Motors, Ford and Chrysler) have been
  operating in Mexico since the 1930s, while
  Volkswagen and Nissan built their plants in the
  1960s. Now, Honda, BMW, and Mercedes-Benz
• Cemex, the second largest cement conglomerate in
  the world.
• Bimbo, Telmex, Televisa.
• In 2005, according to the World Bank, high-tech
  industrial production represented 19.6 of total
  exports.

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Resources

• Mexico has signed 12 free trade agreements with
  44 countries
• NAFTA (1994) with the United States and Canada
• Grupo de los tres, or G-3 (1995) with Colombia
  and Venezuela
• Free Trade Agreement with Costa Rica
• Free Trade Agreement with Bolivia (1995)
• Free Trade Agreement with Nicaragua (1998)
• Free Trade Agreement with Chile (1999)
• Free Trade Agreement with the European Union
  (2000)
• Free Trade Agreement with Israel (2000)
• TN Free Trade Agreement (2001), with Guatemala,
  El Salvador and Honduras
• Free Trade Agreement with the European
  Association of Free Trade, integrated by Iceland,
  Norway, Liechtenstein and Switzerland (2001)
• Free Trade Agreement with Uruguay (2004) and
• Free Trade Agreement with Japan (2005)
• Mexico has shown interest in becoming an
  associate member of Mercosur.65 The Mexican
  government has also started negotiations with
  South Korea, Singapore and Peru.

• Mexico is the fifth-largest oil producer in the
  world, with 3.8 million barrels per day.41
  Pemex, the public company in charge of
  administering research, exploitation and sales of
  oil, is the largest company (oil or otherwise) in
  Latin America, making US 86 billion in sales a
  year,42 a sum larger than the GDP of some of
  the region's countries.

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• Remittances, or contributions sent by Mexicans
  living abroad, mostly in the United States, to
  their families at home in Mexico comprised 18
  billion in 2005.
• In 2004, they became the second largest source
  of foreign income after crude oil exports,
  roughly equivalent to foreign direct investment
  (FDI)
• It is estimated that half or more of Mexican
  immigrants to the United States are legal, and
  have access to formal transfer channels usually
  blocked to illegals simply due to the lack of
  accepted identification
• The main receptors of remittances in 2004 were
  the states of Michoacán, Guanajuato, Jalisco,
  Mexico and Puebla, which jointly captured 45 of
  total remittances in that year.57
• Several state governments, with the support of
  the federal government, have implemented programs
  to use part of the remittances to finance public
  works. This program, called Dos por Uno (Two for
  every one) is designed in a way that for each
  peso contributed by migrants from their
  remittances, the state and the federal
  governments will invest two pesos in building
  infrastructure at their home communities.

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Telecommunications in Mexico

• Telephones - main lines in use 19.512 million
  (2005)
• Telephones - mobile cellular 47.462 million
  (2005)
• Telephone system
• general assessment low telephone density with
  about 18 main lines per 100 persons privatized
  in December 1990 the opening to competition in
  January 1997 improved prospects for development,
  but Telmex remains dominant domestic adequate
  telephone service for business and government,
  but the population is poorly served mobile
  subscribers far outnumber fixed-line subscribers
  domestic satellite system with 120 earth
  stations extensive microwave radio relay
  network considerable use of fiber-optic cable
  and coaxial cable
• international country code - 52
• satellite earth stations - 32 Intelsat, 2
  Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to
  South America, Central America, and much of the
  US as well as enhancing domestic communications),
  1 Panamsat, numerous Inmarsat mobile earth
  stations linked to Central American Microwave
  System of trunk connections high capacity
  Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with
  access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands,
  Morocco, Spain, and Italy (2005)
• Radio broadcast stations AM 850, FM 545,
  shortwave 15 (2003)
• Television broadcast stations 236 (plus
  repeaters) (1997)
• Internet country code mx
• Internet hosts 3.427 million (2006)
• Internet users 22,700,00

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• In December 1990, Mexico sold its state-owned
  telephone system Mexican Telephone (Teléfonos de
  México--Telmex), to private investors in the
  country's largest and most complicated
  privatization.
• The government sold majority voting rights and a
  20 percent stake in Telmex to a consortium of
  investors for US1.8 billion, and it sold US3.7
  billion in shares to the public in two public
  offerings.
• In 1995 the Telmex network had some 8.7 million
  phone lines in service.
• Almost 13 percent of all international calls
  from the United States were made to Mexico in
  1993, while more than 90 percent of Mexico's
  long-distance calls were made to the United
  States
• Mexico uses four Atlantic Ocean satellite ground
  stations and one Pacific Ocean satellite ground
  station of the International Telecommunications
  Satellite Corporation (Intelsat). Mexico is also
  connected to the Central American Microwave
  System. In 1985 the Mexican-owned Morelos-B
  domestic telecommunications satellite was
  launched from the United States space shuttle
  Atlantis. Morelos-B was replaced in 1993 by
  another Mexican-owned domestic telecommunications
  satellite, Solidarity I.

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Mobile phone services

• The mobile industry in Mexico is growing at a
  yearly rate of around 22.
• Reaching around 43 mobile penetration.
• There are four mobile operators
• - América Móvils Telcel Telefónicas Movistar
• (this 2 offer GSM services)
• Iusacell
• Unefon (This 2 use CDMA technology)
• Trunking operator Nextel de México uses iDEN
  technology after a controversial legal battle,
  in January 2006 it obtained the regulators
  approval to exchange SMS messages with the four
  mobile operators.

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Band use in Mexico

• LICENSE AND UNLINCENSE BANDS
• Cofetel, the Mexican telecom regulator, has
  assigned the spectrum for 3.6 to 3.7 GHz bands as
  reserved for licensed use only, leaving the
  900MHz, 2 GHz and 5 GHz bands available for
  unlicensed use.

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Telecommunications in Mexico

• Internet usage in Mexico has increased in the
  last few years and in May 2007 was estimated in
  22,700,000 people by AMIPCI (Mexican Internet
  Association), and a 21.3 penetration rate.
• Broadband, especially ADSL, is one of the
  fastest growing telecom markets in Mexico. The
  shift from dialup to broadband became apparent in
  2005, when dial-up accounts started to decrease,
  while broadband soared by around 122.
• WiMAX made a first appearance in Mexico in
  December 2005, when fixed-line operator Axtel
  launched high-speed Internet access in Monterrey
  over a WiMAX network supplied by Intel.
• Triple play service has started in Mexico,
  combining cable TV, Internet, and telephony.

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• INTERNET ACCESSTypes of ServiceIn Mexico all of
  the following types of Internet Service are
  available
• Dial-up This type of service uses the regular
  copper phone-lines to transmit data.
• DSL DSL uses a dedicated line, of the same type
  used for phone-lines.
• ADSL ADSL is similar to DSL, but allows
  higher-speeds for transmission of data.
• WiFi This system allows wireless connection of
  the computer to a radio broadcasting unit.
• Pre-paid There exist a variety of Pre-paid
  systems, usually involving cards.
• Internet Service ProvidersA brief overview of
  Internet Service Providers in Mexico shows the
  following
• Avantel offers dial-up Internet services for
  individuals and businesses.
• Prodigy offers Dila-up, ADSL, and Wifi.
• E-Go AE-Go is a WiFi service offered by
  Multivision (MVS).
• Cable_at_ccess Cable_at_ccess incorporates ADSL and
  WiFi, the service is offered by Cablevision, part
  of the Televisa group.

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E-commerce

• 1) E-commerce in Mexico must overcome some
  serious obstacles, only some of these are open to
  government policy manipulation.
• a) Inadequate and limited infrastructure,
  including antiquated phone systems, limited
  bandwidth, and large sections of the country
  (particularly rural areas) that are either not
  served or underserved by telecommunications
  systems.
• b) Access costs are high, particularly call-based
  or time-based charges for local phone service.
• c) A relatively low rate of credit card
  penetration makes payment for online orders
  difficult.
• d) An unreliable postal system makes courier
  delivery of items purchased over the Internet
  necessary, thereby increasing costs.
• 2) In order to secure adequate markets, many
  firms are pursuing a Pan-Latin American or
  pan-Hispanic strategy. Services such as Web
  portals, search engines, retail sales, financial
  data, news, and other information are targeted at
  all parts of America (including the United
  States) and the world that speak Spanish, by
  sites based either in Mexico or outside of
  Mexico.
• 3) Pan-Latin American sites are not so easy to
  create. In the financial sectors (such as
  banking), the laws and institutions vary from
  country to country. For portals, not only are the
  local media different, i.e., there is no
  pan-Latin American newspaper, but the languages
  (Spanish dialects) vary from country to country.
  Editing is required, raising costs
• 4) Many of the more important nationally targeted
  Mexican e-commerce ventures (particularly several
  portals) are adjuncts to existing dominant media
  and consumer retail businesses.
• Only a few firms may ultimately control the
  Mexican market.

• The former Spanish government telephone monopoly,
  Telefonica, is now moving aggressively into
  Mexico. Its portal Terra/Lycos will likely become
  one of the largest in Latin America and is
  strengthening its
• foothold in the Mexican market.
• The other major firm in the Mexican market will
  be the former government telephone monopoly
  Telmex owned by Carlos Slim of Grupo Carso, which
  also owns Sanborns. Telmex has an alliance with
  Microsoft, T1msn.com.
• Many U.S. and Spanish firms are creating
  alliances with non-Mexican firms, e.g., Microsoft
  and Telmex with T1msn.com.
• Much of the venture investment capital in Latin
  America and Mexico is provided by U.S. funds,
  particularly Chase Capital Partners and Flatiron
  Ventures in New York City.
• The most important development of e-commerce in
  Mexico could easily be in the business-to-business
  (B-to-B) area rather than business-to-consumer.
• Leading Mexican companies such as CEMEX have
  invested aggressively in B-to-B e-commerce. They
  are implementing Web-based electronic data
  interchange (EDI) systems in their supplier
  changes.
• Nearly 40 percent of the major Mexican or other
  Latin American e-commerce Web sites are run from
  servers in the United States.

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Conclusion

• Wimax system can be implemented in rural areas in
  Mexico using unlicensed bands
• This services will be capable to provide services
  to communities like e-bank, e-commerce (in a
  small scale) and also health and education
  services.
• This services will improve the life of those
  living in rural Mexico.
• They can create jobs and can be operated by local
  people.
• Schools in rural areas will be provided with
  internet service.
• If an established company will like to
  participate in providing this services, better
  and cheaper service for the communities.
• This can be done with the help of local
  governments.

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Questions?