Cleveland State University EEC 417517 Embedded Systems

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Cleveland State UniversityEEC 417/517Embedded
Systems

• Introductory Lecture
• Dan Simon
• January 20, 2009

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Course Logistics

• Syllabus
• Parts list
• Course web site http//academic.csuohio.edu/simon
  d/courses/eec417
• Syllabus, lecture slides, assignments, solutions,
  project guidelines, other links

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Course web site http//academic.csuohio.edu/simon
d/courses/eec417 Lab Assignments and Lecture
Slides   The following zip files contain the
lecture slides, lab instructions, questions, and
source code that you will need to complete the
weekly lab assignments. Each zip file includes an
InstructionsXX.doc file, where XX is the lab
number. You should go through this file step by
step in order to learn the material. Each zip
file also includes a GradeXX.doc file. You should
answer all of the questions in this file and hand
your answers in by the due date. Each zip file
also has some additional files that will help you
complete the lab. Introductory Lecture
PowerPoint Slides Lab One Introduction to the
Microcontroller Development System Lab01.zip
Solution01.doc
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Course Logistics

• First assignment print out the PIC datasheet
• Bring a software listing to class each lecture
  (e.g., lab01.asm for the lab 1 lecture)

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Embedded Systems

• Characteristics
• Hidden
• Special purpose, customized
• Constrained (power, size, cost, speed, memory,
  etc.)
• Real time

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Computing systems

• PCs (desktops, laptops)
• Embedded systems
• Microprocessors
• FPGAs
• Microcontrollers
• ASICs
• DSPs

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Microprocessor
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Microcontroller
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Microcontroller

• Elements of a microcontroller
• Microprocessor
• I/O ports
• Memory
• Counters and timers
• Special purpose interface devices (RS232, USB,
  CAN, PWM, ADC, etc.)

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Embedded Systems Markets

• Household
• Entertainment
• Automotive
• Industry
• Communication
• Medical

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1. Household Applications

• Climate control (thermostats, furnaces, etc.)
• Sprinkler systems
• Home security systems
• Appliances
• Microwaves, refrigerators, ovens, washing
  machines, dish washers, etc.
• Clothing (e.g., running shoes, RFID)

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2. Entertainment

• TVs, TiVo, DVD players, remotes, etc.
• Game consoles (Xbox, Wii, etc.)
• iPods
• Digital cameras

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3. Automotive applications

• Between 50 and 100 embedded systems in
  automobiles
• High end autos have 10-15 million lines of C code
• Between 35 and 45 microcontrollers per automobile
• BMW has a max of 70 microcontrollers

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3. Automotive Applications (contd.)

• Antilock brakes
• Air bags
• Keyless entry
• Fuel injection
• Climate control
• GPS

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4. Industrial Applications

• Card readers (ATM cards, key cards, etc.)
• Computer equipment (networks, printers, mouse
  devices, disk drives, etc.)
• Calculator
• Aerospace
• Test equipment (scopes, meters, etc.)
• Robotics

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4. Industrial Applications (contd.)

• Pay at the pump
• Doppler radar
• Electronic tolls

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5. Communications Applications

• Cell phones
• Answering machines, fax machines
• PDAs
• Wireless radio
• RFID

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6. Medical Applications

• Ventilators
• Pacemakers
• Dialysis
• Infusion pumps
• Surgical equipment
• Monitoring equipment (ECGs, EEGs, blood pressure,
  etc.)
• Imaging (ultrasound, MRI, CAT scans, x-rays)

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Embedded Systems Market

• Worldwide PC sales in 2008256 million units
• Worldwide microcontroller sales in 200811
  billion units

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Embedded Systems Growth
MPU microprocessors MCU microcontrollers DSP
digital signal processors World market,
millions of dollars CAGR compounded annual
growth rate Source DSP Outperforms.pdf
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Embedded Systems Growth

• Microcontrollers only
• Sales in millions of dollars
• Units in millions
• Source Market1.doc, http//www.electronics.ca/pre
  sscenter/articles/580/1/New-Study-Predicts-10-perc
  ent-Growth-for-Microcontrollers/Page1.html

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Automotive Applications

• Microcontrollers in automobiles
• 5.8 billion in 2006
• 9.5 billion in 2010

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DSPs

• Two largest DSP customers Nokia and Motorola
• Wireless phones comprise 85 of DSP market

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DSP Market
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Microcontroller Categories

• N-bit microcontroller data is stored, saved, and
  retrieved in N-bit chunks
• Most common types of microcontrollers are 8-bit,
  16-bit, 32-bit, 64-bit, 128-bit, 256-bit, in that
  order, although it will probably change soon
• Note that data is N bits instructions are longer

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Microcontroller Market

• 2005 8-bit market about 5 billion, led by
  Microchip Inc. (24)16-bit market about 5
  billion
• Over 40 microcontroller manufacturers
• TI, Motorola, Freescale, Atmel, Parallax,
  National, Intel, Zilog, Hitachi/Mitsubishi/Renesas
  , Cypress, Holtek, Rabbit, Toshiba, NEC, Philips,
  Sanyo, Matsushita, Sony, LG Semicon, Samsung,
  Siemens, Toshiba, Fujitsu, Semtech,

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• Datasheet p. 1
• PIC peripheral interface controller
• Max clock freq.
• 4 MHz
• 10 MHz
• 20 MHz
• 1 instr. every 4 or 8 clock cycles

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Microchip PIC

• Microchip makes almost 400 different
  microcontrollers
• Microchip Advanced Parts Selector software
  available at www.microchip.com

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Memory Types

• ROM
• PROM
• EPROM (OTP)
• EEPROM (Flash)

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PIC Programming
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EPROM Eraser
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In-Circuit Debugger
Kee Electronics
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Lab Setup
Breadboard
6-pincable
USB orRS232
header
PC
ICD
MPLAB
PIC
powersupply(ICD only)
powersupply
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Microchip PIC Features

• High performance RISC CPU
• Only 35 single word instructions to learn
• 8K ? 4 words of FLASH Program Memory
• 368 ? 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM)
• 256 ? 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory
• Interrupt capability (14 sources)
• Eight level deep hardware stack
• Watchdog Timer (discuss next lecture)
• Programmable code protection
• Power saving SLEEP mode

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Program Memory

• 8 Kwords, 14 bits each
• 8K 8 ? 1024 8192 0x2000
• Addresses 0x0000 0x1FFF
• Addresses are 13 bits

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Datasheet p. 136 35 instructions 1 or 2 instr.
cycles 14 bits/instruction Example goto 0x3A2
10 1011 1010 0010 0x2BA2 Assembly code
? Assembler ? Machine code
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Datasheet p. 13 8 bit data words 368 bytes of
data RAM, which is fast but volatile 256 bytes
of data EEPROM, which is slow but
nonvolatile (not shown on this page)
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Harvard Architecture

• PIC16F877 Program address 13 bits

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PIC Software Development

• MPLAB
• IDE (Integrated Design Environment)
• MPASM (Assembler)
• MPLINK (Linker)
• MPLIB (Library utility)
• Simulator

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MPASM
MPASM Users Guide p. 29 Go to www.microchip.com
and search for mpasm user's guide with mplink
and mplib
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MPLIB
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MPLINK