Diapositiva 1

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St Valentine
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The magic of first love is our ignorance that can
never end Benjamin Disraeli
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ORIGINS
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Saint Valentine
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Love is a game that two can play and win
Eva Gabor
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In The Golden Legend

• The Legenda Aurea of Jacobus de Voragine,
  compiled about 1260 and one of the most-read
  books of the High Middle Ages, gives sufficient
  details of the saints and for each day of the
  liturgical year to inspire a homily on each
  occasion. The very brief vita of St Valentine has
  him refusing to deny Christ before the "Emperor
  Claudiusin the year 280. Before his head was cut
  off, this Valentine restored sight and hearing to
  the daughter of his jailer. Jacobus makes a play
  with the etymology of "Valentine", "as containing
  valour".The Legenda Aurea does not contain
  anything about hearts and last notes signed "from
  your Valentine", as is sometimes suggested in
  modern works of sentimental piety. Many of the
  current legends surrounding them appear in the
  late Middle Ages in France and England, when the
  feast day of February 14 became associated with
  romantic love.

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• The origins of the most popular customs
  associated with Saint Valentine's Day almost
  certainly trace their roots to a conventional
  belief generally accepted in England and France
  during the Middle Ages that on February 14
  (halfway through the second month of the year),
  the birds began choose their mates. The reason
  for this assumption is somewhat clouded, but may
  be related to the fact that the first songbirds
  which traditionally warble after a blustery
  winter tend to debut in mid-February. One of the
  earliest written examples of this belief was
  penned by Geoffrey Chaucer (1340/45-1400), in his
  "Parliament of Fowls," the literal meaning of
  which is "Meeting of Birds". Chaucer's poem was
  penned to honour the grand wedding of Richard II
  of England to Anne of Bohemia, which took place
  in January of 1382 and is generally regarded as
  one of the most successful and loving royal
  marriages of the Middle Ages.This custom was also
  recorded by Michael Drayton (1563-1631), an
  English poet from Warwickshire, in his poem
  entitled "To His Valentine" and again by Robert
  Herrick (1591-1674), generally considered to be
  the greatest of the Cavalier poets.
• In Great Britain during the 1700s, one very
  popular custom on the Eve of Valentine's Day, was
  for ladies to pin five bay leaves sprinkled with
  rose water to their pillows, one leaf pinnned to
  the center and one to each corner. Eggs with salt
  replacing the removed yokes were then consumed
  before retiring for the evening. Before going to
  sleep, the lady would recite the following little
  prayer "Good valentine, be kind to me In
  dreams, let me my true love see." If this charm
  worked, then the lady would see her future
  husband in her dreams.

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The symbols
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• Symbols associated with Valentine's Day include
  lace love knots lovebirds and doves hearts,
  hands and "X"s.

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• Lace, frills and ribbons have long been
  associated with the concept of romance,
  originating from the days of chivalry when a
  knight rode into battle sporting a ribbon or
  scarf presented to him by his "fair lady." Lace
  has been used throughout history in the making of
  women's handkerchiefs. In centuries gone by, if a
  lady dropped her handkerchief, a man might pick
  retrieve it for her and it was not unusual for a
  lady to intentionally drop her handkerchief into
  the path of an attractive man in order to
  encourage his attention. The literal definition
  of the word "lace" is to "snare" or "noose."

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• Love knots, consisting of a series of winding and
  interlacing loops which have no beginning and no
  end, are traditional symbols of everlasting love.
  Love knots were customarily made from ribbon or
  drawn on paper and presented to sweethearts.

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• Lovebirds...small parrots with colorful plumage
  found in Africa. They are so named because they
  tend to sit closely together in pairs.
• Doves...common urban birds, shy and gentle by
  nature, with a distinctive "cooing" call. They
  symbolize loyalty, fidelity and love since they
  mate for life and share in the nurturing of their
  young. The dove was a bird sacred to Venus and
  other cultural love deities. It was once thought
  that to dream of a dove was a promise of
  happiness and wishes made when the first dove
  appeared in Springtime were once considered to be
  assured of coming true.

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• It was formerly believed that the heart was the
  core of all human emotions. Accordingly, the
  giving of a heart signified the giving of
  everything. Although the Ancients were unware
  that the heart pumps blood through the
  circulatory system, they did know that a heart
  would beat faster when an individual was excited
  or upset and thus, thought the heart was the
  center of feelings. Throughout the ages, it has
  remained a symbol of love and the ancient belief
  linger still in such sayings as "It does my
  heart good," "I'm broken-hearted," and "sick at
  heart."

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• The hands of a lady has been a favourite
  valentine decoration for many years and is
  thought to depict desirable feminine qualities.
  The beauty of the image is often enhanced by the
  addition of a frilled cuff and/or a jeweled ring
  on the third finger. Clasped hands are said to
  represent those of Queen Victoria and her
  consort, Prince Albert, the symbol of friendship
  between their respective countries of England and
  Germany.

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• The tradition of using an "X" to represent a kiss
  began with the Medieval practice of allowing
  those who could not write to sign documents with
  an "X". This was done prior to documents being
  witnessed and the signer would place a kiss upon
  the "X" to indicate sincerity. Thus, the letter
  "X" came to be synonymous with a kiss until, with
  the passage of time, this letter of the alphabet
  was commonly used at the end of correspondence to
  indicate a kiss.

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We loved with a love,that was more than love
Edgar
Allan Poe
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St Valentine's Day Recipes
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• Pink Ribbon Sandwiches
• sliced breadpink cream cheese (made by adding
  red food coloring to the cream cheese)deviled
  hamblended cheeses - 1/2 cup of cottage cheese,
  1/2 cup of ricotta cheese, 1/4 cup of feta or
  blue cheese blended togetherpeanut butter and
  jellybologna or other meatsliced tomatoes and
  cucumbers
• 1. Start by stacking layers of bread and filling.
  Until five layers high and cut of all the crusts.
  
• 2. Now spread four slices of bread with your
  choice of fillings. Stack them up and the last
  piece of plain bread goes on top.
• 3. Wrap in wax paper and refrigerate for an hour
  so as to make it easier to cut into slices.
• 4. Slice into four equal strips. Then lay these
  on the side so as to show of the filling which
  looks like ribbons.

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• Gelatin Dessert
• 1 package of gelatin dessertwaterfruit
• 1. Follow the package instructions and then add
  the fruit you have chosen.

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• Heartshaped Pizza
• package of ready-made pizza dough1/2 cup of
  tomato saucecheesepeppers, mushroom, salami,
  olives, onions, anchovies
• 1. Unroll the dough on a cookie sheet. With a
  knife cut a heart shape. With the excess dough
  create a rim around the edge of the heart-shaped
  dough.
• 2. Spread the tomato paste over the pizza base
  and sprinkle with cheese.
• 3. Now start adding the toppings of your choice.
• 4. Bake the pizza according to the instructions
  on the package. Cook for about 20-25 minutes.

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Valentine Fizz bright red fruit juicesoda or
seltzerslices of lemon, lime or orangeice cube
tray 1. Make up trays consisting of the juices
you wish to make into cubes. 2. Place the trays
in the freezer. 3. Mix together even amounts of
red juice and the soda or seltzer into a glass
and add the juice cubes. 4. On top of the drink
place a slice of lemon, lime or orange to add a
bit of festivity.
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• Pink Sorbet
• 2 cups of fresh or frozen fruit(frozen
  strawberries best)1/4 cup of water1 tbl of
  lemon juice
• 1. Place the fruit, sugar, water, and lemon juice
  into the blender or in a bowl and blend it all
  until it is all slushy.
• 2. Pour the mixture into a container and place it
  in the freezer for about an hour.
• 3. Take it out of the freezer and blend it again
  until smooth.
• 4. Place it back into freezer until ready to
  serve.

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VALENTINES

• Verses and Valentine greetings were popular as
  far back as the Middle Ages, when lovers said or
  sang their valentines. Written valentines began
  to appear after 1400. The oldest "valentine" in
  existence was made in the 1400's and is in the
  British Museum.
• Paper valentines were exchanged in Europe where
  they were given in place of Valentine gifts.
  Paper valentines were especially popular in
  England. Early valentines were made by hand and
  were made with colored paper, watercolors, and
  colored inks.

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• Valentines in Britain
• In Britain can be found so many verses of love
  and affairs of the heart that have been so
  beautifully penned in honour of St Valentine.
• In Britain various parts of the kingdom celebrate
  their own customs and as the day approached all
  magazines were readying for the day that they
  published sonnets and verses to commemorate St
  Valentine's Day.

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• Valentines in America
• In America there have been many different forms
  of cards given on Valentine's Day over the years.
• There were many Valentines that were especially
  lithographed and hand-coloured, beautiful in
  there design and that had a distinction of their
  own. Many cards were imported from overseas due
  to the paper being of poor quality and not
  suitable for embossing.
• There were many cards that were produced with
  intricate lace paper, decorated with ornaments
  such as beads, sea shells, cones, berries, and
  all different kinds of seeds. Some may even have
  seaweed or moss with dried flowers or artificial
  flowers which was all attached to a string so
  they could be hung creating a three dimensional
  picture.

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• There were many different types of handmade
  valentines, including

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• Acrostic valentines had verses in which the
  first lines spelled out the loved one's name.

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• Cutout valentines made by folding the paper
  several times and then cutting out a lacelike
  design with small, sharp, pointed scissors.

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• Pinprick valentines made by pricking tiny holes
  in a paper with a pin or needle. creating the
  look of lace.
• Theorem or Poonah valentines designs that were
  painted through a stencil cut in oil paper, a
  style that came from the Orient.
• Rebus valentines verses in which tiny pictures
  take the place of some of the words. (an eye
  would take the place of the word I).

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• Puzzle Purse valentines a folded puzzle to read
  and refold. Among their many folds were verses
  that had to be read in a certain order.
• Fraktur valentines had ornamental lettering in
  the style of illuminated manuscripts of the
  Middle Ages.

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Love's Secret Never seek to tell thy love, Love
that never told can be
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• For the gentle wind doth moveSilently,
  invisibly.
• I told my love, I told my love,I told her all my
  heart,

Trembling, cold, in ghastly fears,
Ah! she did depart! Soon after she
was gone from me,A traveller came by,Silently,
invisiblyHe took her with a sigh. - William
Blake



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• Meeting at Night
• The grey sea and the long black land And the
  yellow half-moon large and lot
  And the
  startled little waves that leap In
  fiery ringlets from their sleep, As I gain
  the cove with pushing prow,And quench its speed
  i' the slushy sand.

then a mile of warm sea-scented beach Three
fields to cross till a farm appearsA tap at the
pane, the quick sharp scratchAnd blue spurt of a
lighted match,And a voice less loud, thro' its
joys and fears,Than the two hearts beating each
to each! - Robert Browning
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Happy
14th February 2008 by 1H
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