Fresno PD

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OneBrowardNetwork Planning Workshop
Fresno PDs Mobile Broadband Network Project
Lead Capt. P. W. Rhames Date
1/31/2006 Organization Fresno Police
Dept. Presenter Capt. P. W. Rhames Country Fre
sno, Ca. USA Email pat.rhames_at_ci.fresno.ca.us
Web site www.fresno.gov
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Background

• Geographic
• 105 sq. miles
• On the floor of the San Joaquin Valley, Central
  California
• Terrain is flat as a pancake
• 475,000 population
• Californias 6th largest city
• Pervasive, dense tree canopy
• Police Department vitals
• 825 sworn members
• 408 non sworn
• 250 PD vehicles data capable
• 35 Fire vehicle data capable
• 140-160 units on the network at peak times
• Current Mobile DataCom network
• 5 channel 800MHz mobile data system
• 3 tower infrastructure
• 9.2 Kbps
• Excellent propagation
• Current IT infrastructure

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Project History

• Impetus
• Need to augment existent Mobile DataCom System
• Saturation at workload peaks resulting in
  slowdown
• Does not meet Calif. DOJ encryption requirements
• Does not support more intensive usage
• Inadequate throughput for future
• Key players
• Mayor
• US COPS Office
• Fresno City Council
• County of Fresno
• Fresno Unified Flood Control District
• 750K COPS Technology grant 2002
• Current status (1/30/2006)
• Equipment delivered, configured installed
• Site surveys completed
• Vehicle installations completed
• Coverage testing in progress
• Fine tuning of roaming in progress

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Mission Objectives

• Mission statement
• To increase the capacity and the effectiveness of
  Police Departments data communication system.

• Project Objectives
• Eliminate slowdowns
• Connection outside vehicle (PDA)
• Connect motorcycle and detectives to CAD
• Encryption
• Video Policing
• Ad Hoc worksite connections
• System redundancy
• Ease of maintenance
• Incremental build out
• Roaming
• Foundation of Regional Mobile DataComm Network

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Possible Solutions

• Available alternatives
• Business models
• Upgrade current system
• Lease from commercial carriers
• Acquire additional licensed spectrum
• Private broadband network (utilizing unlicensed
  spectrum)
• Network technology
• GSM/GPRS/EDGE or equivalent
• IP over Radio (narrowband)
• IEEE 802.11 (micro-)cells
• Wi-Fi mesh solutions
• Proprietary macro-cells (pre-WiMAX)
• Software solutions
• RadioIP
• PadCom
• ... or equivalent

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Business Model

• Role of various stakeholders
• US DOJ COPS Office
• Provide the funding
• PD
• Define the needs
• Install majority of the hardware
• IBM
• Design the solution
• Tune the software
• Insure the solution works as designed
• Targeted users
• Current
• PD Personnel (Closed system)
• Future
• Allied agencies (Regional Mobile DataCom System)
• Business Community / Schools (Enhanced crime
  information)
• Partnerships
• City/Feds
• City/Vendors (IBM Data911)

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Project Economics

• Cost structure
• 750K System hardware and Software
• 100K
• Installation labor
• Antennae
• Investment Sources/ Funding Sources
• How is the project funded
• US DOJ COPS Technology Grant 750K
• City of Fresno General Fund gt 100K

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The Journey Grant to Contract

• First RFP
• Wrote tightly limiting specs of the system based
  on what we thought we wanted
• Required a demonstration of proposed system
• Four vendor responses
• All 802.11b cell systems
• All miserable failures
• Second RFP
• Rewrote our specs
• Defined performance standards
• Minimum 100 Kbps throughput
• 90 connectivity on major thoroughfares
• 1 downtime
• Asked the industry to recommend a solution
• Required a second demonstration

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The Journey (contd)

• Responses from eight vendors
• More 802.11b cell systems (customized)
• Wi-Fi mesh technology
• IBM/Alvarions 900 MHz macro-cell / Wi-Fi hybrid
  
• Only a mesh solution and IBM/Alvarion qualified
  for demonstration
• Chosen alternative
• IBM/Alvarions 5.8GHz / 900MHz / 2.4GHz hybrid

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Mesh Solution

• Pros
• Met all basic requirements
• Self Healing
• Roam via PadCom Software
• Cons
• Expensive
• Access point every ¼ mi.
• Could not use existent infrastructure
• 25 coverage for available funds (optimistic)
• Limited by LOS
• Did not penetrate into neighborhoods
• Required power to street light mounting
• Could not see over freeway elevations
• Could not guarantee performance in large
  concentration of vehicles

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IBM/Alvarion Hybrid (5.8GHz / 900MHz / 2.4GHz
Overlay Concept)

• Pros
• Met all basic requirements
• Including 256 bit AES encryption
• Much less expensive
• Use existent infrastructure
• Larger Cells, fewer access points
• 52 coverage for available funds
• Roams between networks (WECM)
• Propagates into neighborhoods
• Not as limited by LOS
• Allows portable cell sites
• Allows foundation for portable video sites
• Incorporates interference filtering
• Cons
• Required a sole source acquisition process

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Applications

• Current Applications (Data911)
• CAD (Unit recommendation tied to AVL)
• AVL (Automated Vehicle Location) GPS
• Geo-coded units and calls
• In Vehicle Mapping
• Automated Field Reporting (RPW)
• RMS
• Photos
• Messaging
• Pocket RPW (wired version)
• Future/Potential Applications
• Streaming Video
• Video Policing
• VOIP
• Wireless Handheld Connection
• Notebooks for motorcycle personnel
• Automated Traffic Citation process
• Data pushed to County Courts
• Citation auto-mailed to violator

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Deployment

• Timeline past, current future
• Phase One
• March 28, 2005 Signed contract/started work
• Scheduled completion February 28, 2006
• Phase Two
• Currently identifying funding
• Deployment specifics
• Phase One
• Use of existing infrastructure
• 4 City Towers, 1 County tower, 1 FUFCD Tower, 1
  Precinct, 2 Fire stations
• 2 School towers and one City Park Tower in
  progress
• T1s to Microwave (funded by UASI Grant)
• 52 coverage of City (busiest area)
• Phase Two
• Available allied agency towers
• Traffic Departments Fiber Optics network
• Schools
• Business community structures
• Build new towers

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Why Unlicensed Spectrum

• Needed immediate performance improvement
• Needed encryption
• No new mnemonics
• Did not want to wait for licensing process
  interested in more than narrowband data
• Did not believe we could justify additional
  frequencies
• Site survey revealed little interference
• Consumer 900MHz use is declining

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Role for 4.9GHz Spectrum

• 4.9GHz mesh solution / micro-cell solution likely
  more expensive than 2.4GHz
• Consider funding (!)
• Consider coverage (!)
• 4.9GHz ideal to backhaul 900MHz mobile
  cell-sites, buildings (T1-replacement), fixed
  cameras, etc.

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Impact Analysis

• Anticipated Impacts
• Phase One
• Significantly increase efficiency.
• Significantly increase effectiveness
• Optimize value of current infrastructure
• Catalyst for regional mobile data connectivity

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Lessons Learned Next Steps

• Lessons Learned
• Should have done first as we did in the second
  RFP
• Stick to identifying needs
• Dont spec what you dont know
• Allow the industry to provide solution ideas
• Vendors exaggerate or promise what they cant
  deliver
• The demos were the smartest thing we did
• Take advantage of collaborative infrastructure
• Building new concepts takes much longer than
  planned
• Next Steps
• Find funding for remainder
• Find infrastructure

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End
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WECM
BreezeACCESS VL Base Station (5.8 MHz)
F/W
WECM server maintains IP session persistence in
weak RF areas and encrypts data w/AES 256 bit
encryption
Up to 30Mbps throughput 5-10 mile range typical
BreezeACCESS 900 Base Station (900 MHz)
Cell Handover
BreezeACCESS 900 Base Station (900 MHz)
Up to 1.5Mbps throughput 25 mile range typical
Wi-Fi Hotspot (2.4 GHz)
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Area Views
Medium Level of Trees, 30 60 ft. High
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Network Schematic
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Installations For Trial
Main Base station
900 MHzCell Extenders
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Equipped Police Car
BA 900 SU Radio
5 dBi Omni
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Connectivity to the System, outside the Patrol
Vehicle. Up to 300 ft. LOS and 100 ft. Inside
common structure
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Test Area Coverage
Gettysburg
Valentine
Fruit
Clinton
The test area inside the black square is 2 miles
by 2 miles. The shaded areas show the tested
coverage. The blue points are the cell locations.
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Coverage Map
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Revised Map Coverage