Bringing Prevention to the Table: Enhancing Service Array Capacity

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• Bringing Prevention to the Table Enhancing
  Service Array Capacity
• through State Child Welfare/ CBCAP
  Collaborations
• The Service Array Process
• April 28, 2008
• FRIENDS National Resource Center for CBCAP
• A Service of the Childrens Bureau
• and the U.S. Department of Health and Human
  Services

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What is Prevention?

• Refers to
• the act of preventing or impeding something from
  taking place
• can also refer to a hindrance an obstacle.

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What are Prevention Programs/Services?

• Prevention services/programs are designed to
  stop/impede something from occurring or from
  reoccurring/getting worse.
• Examples would be
• Specific diseases/illnesses such as AIDS, heart
  disease, or spread of a disease or illness such
  as malaria
• Suicide
• Accidents, crimes or gang involvement
• Mental Health and/or Substance Abuse issues
• Child Abuse or Neglect

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What is Preventionof Child Abuse and Neglect?

• For the child welfare system, prevention usual
  means prevention of reoccurrence of abuse or
  neglect or prevention of removal once a child and
  family are involved with the child welfare
  system. It can also means prevention of a child
  returning to care/being removed from their
  caregiver.
• For programs such as the Community-Based Child
  Abuse Prevention (CBCAP) funded programs,
  prevention services are targeted towards
  prevention of child abuse and neglect prior to it
  happening or prior to any involvement with the
  child welfare system.

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What Does This Mean?

• There is much confusion about what prevention is.
• People use the same word but it has very
  different meanings.
• Prevention is not just about one issue.
• There is often a significant separation of the
  front end programs/services focused on
  preventing child abuse and neglect, from the rest
  of the child welfare system - dealing with
  children and families reported to the child
  welfare system.
• Often the divide/disconnect is created/related to
  funding streams.
• There is a need for greater clarity as to what is
  meant by prevention and what the range/continuum
  of prevention programs and services is that is
  needed for children to be kept safe with their
  families and in their communities.

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Service Array and Prevention

• What does this mean for building a service array
  ?
• To keep children safe in their own home and
  communities, a full range or continuum of
  prevention of child abuse and neglect
  programs/services are needed. The range would
  need to include the following services/programs
• For the general population that would focus on
  preventing child abuse/neglect from taking place
• Outreach and public education serviceshighlighti
  ng the risk factors, where to get support,
  reporting of potential abuse/neglect, etc.
• Family support servicesavailable for all
  children and families.

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Service Array and Prevention contd

• To support children and families and to reduce
  the risk
• These would be targeted to build on protective
  factors and reduce risk factors for the parents
  as well as the child and reduce the potential
  harm for the child.
• To educate the public.
• To help ameliorate the impact on the child and
  family if child abuse or neglect did occur.
• To support parents and children to prevent the
  reoccurrence of abuse and/or neglect.
• To support parents and children to prevent the
  child from coming into care.

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Service Array and Prevention contd

• Children and families who are or might be
  involved with the child welfare system,
  states/local communities have a wide variety of
  needs and therefore would require a wide variety
  of prevention types of services for the
  child/youth as well as the parents and/or family
  members beyond those aimed at the prevention of
  child abuse and neglect such as
• substance abuse prevention/intervention services
  and support.
• mental health prevention/intervention services
  and supports.
• domestic violence prevention/intervention.

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Why a Continuum of Prevention of Child Abuse and
Neglect?

• Services are needed for families to be successful
  in their communities. Keep in mind that not all
  families that experience difficulties end up
  having contact with the child welfare system
• Services are needed to have improved outcomes for
  children and families involved with the child
  welfare system
• In first round of CFSRs one of the most common
  services gaps identified was prevention services
  (this included services needed to keep children
  safe in their own homes).

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Why a Continuum of Prevention of Child Abuse and
Neglect? Contd

• States are involved in a number of prevention
  activities but often they are not
  coordinated/linked.
• Many of the prevention programs/services fall
  under various federal programs or utilize local,
  state, and/or foundation funds.
• Most professionals agree that a continuum would
  consist of three levels of child abuse and
  neglect prevention services primary prevention,
  secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention.

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Continuum of Prevention ofChild Abuse and
Neglect Services
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Examples Primary Prevention

• Public awareness campaigns for prevention of
  child abuse and neglect, such as shaken baby
  syndrome, child sex exploitation, when to report
  abuse/neglect.
• Public education and outreach activities.
• Information and referral regarding community and
  social services available for families.
• Parent education classes that are open to anyone
  in the community.
• Family support programs family resource
  centers.
• Note States/communities often fund these
  services with additional funding beyond their
  CBCAP grant funds.

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Examples - Secondary Prevention

• Parenting Classes parent education/skills
  classes targeted for high-risk parents.
• Domestic violence services.
• Concrete services (clothing, food, utility
  payment, housing assistance, job training,
  transportation).
• Counseling (for adults and for children).
• Population-specific services, e.g.,
• Parents (all, new, teens, etc.).
• Parents/children with disabilities.
• Racial and ethnic minorities.
• Members of underserved or underrepresented
  groups.
• Fathers.
• NOTE States/communities often fund these
  services with additional funding beyond their
  CBCAP grant funds such as PSSF funds.

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Examples - Secondary Prevention contd

• Respite care/crisis care for parents of a child
  with a disability or for families at risk of
  abuse and/or neglect, such as
• Crisis Nurseries.
• Homemaker.
• Parent aide.
• Voluntary home visiting programs for
• New parents.
• Pregnant teens.
• Parenting program for new moms.
• Parent mutual support/self-help.
• NOTE States/communities often fund these
  services with additional funding beyond their
  CBCAP grant funds such as PSSF.

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Examples - Secondary Prevention contd

• Mentoring programs for high risk youth.
• Family resource centers/family support services
  for at risk families.
• Home based early intervention services for at
  risk populations, including
• Support for parents with children with special
  needs.
• Services/supports for children with special
  needs.
• Evidence-based programs such as Nurse Family
  Partnership Program, Healthy Families.
• NOTE States/communities often fund these
  services with additional funding beyond their
  CBCAP grant funds such as PSSF.

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Examples Tertiary Prevention

• Treatment/intervention services for children that
  have been abused and/or neglected.
• Intensive family intervention services where
  abuse/ neglect has taken place.
• Family reunification services to prevent
  reoccurrence of abuse/neglect.
• Parenting Classes for parents where
  abuse/neglect has taken place.
• Supports for Foster Parents and Resource
  Providers caring for children who have been
  abused and/or neglected.

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Development of Service Arraywith Continuum of
Prevention

• The child welfare system itself would not be
  responsible to pay for/create all these services
  but would want to partner/ collaborate with the
  appropriate state/community/systems
  representative(s)/to ensure they are available in
  sufficient quantity and locations to be able to
  access them on behalf of the children and
  families they are involved with or refer to them.
  
• A key resource for primary and some secondary
  prevention services is the Community-Based Child
  Abuse Prevention (CBCAP) program (CAPTA Title II
  funding).

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CBCAP Program

• To support development and expansion of
  community-based and prevention-focused programs
  and activities to support and strengthen families
  and prevent child abuse and neglect.
• To support meaningful involvement of all parents,
  including parents with disabilities, in
  planning, implementing and evaluation of
  prevention programs.
• To enhance States evaluation capability to
  determine effectiveness of funded prevention
  programs and activities.

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CBCAP Program continued

• To promote greater linkages with other National
  and Statewide systems change efforts such as the
  Child and Family Services Reviews (CFSRs).
• To support training and technical assistance for
  lead agencies on program requirements, as well as
  support ACF Priorities, e.g., healthy marriage,
  responsible fatherhood, outreach to faith- and
  community-based programs, positive youth
  development, and the rural initiative.

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CBCAP Target Populations

• Vulnerable families at risk of abuse or neglect.
• Special focus on specific populations
• Parents (all, new, teens, etc.).
• Parents/children with disabilities.
• Racial and ethnic minorities.
• Members of underserved or underrepresented
  groups.
• Fathers.
• Includes activities for General Population.

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Authorized Activities under CBCAP

• Provide comprehensive supports for parents.
• Promote development of parenting skills,
  especially young parents or those with young
  children.
• Improve family access to formal and informal
  resources.
• Support needs of parents with disabilities
  through respite or other activities.
• Provide referrals to early health and development
  services.
• Promote meaningful parent leadership.

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Other Authorized Activities

• Financing development of continuum of prevention
  services through public private partnerships.
• Financing start-up, maintenance expansion, or
  redesign of Child Abuse Prevention programs and
  activities that are identified as unmet needs.
• Maximizing funding through leveraging funds for
  Child Abuse Prevention programs and activities.
• Financing public education activities that focus
  on health and positive development of parents and
  children and promotion of Child Abuse Prevention.
  

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Lead Agency Requirements

• Capacity to direct interdisciplinary,
  collaborative structure that guides planning for
  program and activities.
• Provide oversight for goals and objectives of
  program.
• Assess community needs and assets through a
  process that involves public and private
  agencies.
• Provide training, technical assistance and
  evaluation assistance to funded programs.

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Lead Agency Requirements (contd)

• Evaluate funded programs and activities.
• Actively participate in CAP month activities.
• Insure parent involvement in planning,
  implementing and evaluation of programs.
• Participate in actions to advocate for system
  change.

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Resources

• Website www.friendsnrc.org
• CBCAP State Lead Agency (SLA) contact -
  http//www.friendsnrc.org/contacts/contacts.asp
• FRIENDS NRC for CBCAP
• Director Linda Baker Lbaker3_at_nc.rr.com
• TA Coordinators
• Alicia Luckie APLUCKIE_at_elmore.rr.com
• Cassandra Furman - cfirman_at_wavecable.com
• Edi Winkle - ediwinkle_at_windstream.net
• Federal Project Officer
• Melissa Brodowski - melissa.brodowski_at_acf.hhs.gov