Factors in Adequate Progress in Literacy Achievement

1
Factors in Adequate Progress in Literacy
Achievement

• A working understanding of how sounds are
  represented alphabetically
• Sufficient practice in reading to achieve fluency
  with different kinds of texts
• Sufficient background knowledge and vocabulary to
  render written texts meaningful
• Control over procedures for monitoring
  comprehension and repairing misunderstandings
• Interest and motivation to read for a variety of
  purposes

2
Purposes of Phonics Instruction

• Establishes grapheme-phoneme relationships and
  the use of graphophonics cues in reading. This is
  termed the alphabetic principle.
• Develops word recognition based on their visual
  and orthographic features. This process is called
  decoding.
• Aids in building reading fluency and
  automaticity.

3
The Phonics Approach

• Gradual movement into word units and
  comprehension
• Sound/letter correspondence foundation
  established
• Sight-word instruction only for words not
  decodable by phonics
• Emphasizes smaller than word level language units

4
Phoneme to Grapheme Relationships
One-to-many relations
a
/1/
b
Many-to-one relations
/1/
a
/2/
5
English Phonics

• Consonants and vowels
• Consonant blends and digraphs
• Long and short vowels
• R-controlled vowels
• Vowel digraphs
• Diphthongs
• Homophones homographs

6
English Syllable Patterns

• Closed Short vowel ending with consonant
• Open Long vowel, no consonant ending
• Vowel Digraph vowel spelled with 2 letters
• C-le at the ends of words
• R-controlled vowel
• Vowel-consonant-e long vowel pattern
• Idiosyncratic

7
Word Derivations
immigrate
migration
immigration
migrate
immigrant
migr-move
migratory
emigrate
migrancy
emigrant
emigration
8
Traditional Approaches to Phonics Instruction

• Are synthetic approaches using part to whole with
  segmentation and blending of letters into words
• Begin with teaching individual letters and
  letter-sound correspondences
• May involve kinesthetic activities, i.e.,
  Orton-Gillingham, Zoo Phonics
• Require direct instruction based on a behavioral
  analysis of decoding. I.e., Distar

9
Contemporary Phonics Approaches

• Spelling-based principles such as Word Study or
  Making Words that involve sorting or making words
  based on students developmental level
• Analogy-based approaches where students decode
  words based on known words or word parts
• Embedded phonics where students where instruction
  occurs in the context of authentic reading and
  writing experiences

10
Word Study(Bear, Invernezzi, Templeton
Johnston)

• Picture sorts
• Concept sorts
• Letter-sound correspondence sorts
• Same-vowel word families
• Mixed-vowel word families
• Word Hunt

• Word Bank
• Word Wall
• High-frequency word study
• Word strips
• Word Study Notebooks
• Dictation
• Word games