First Aid

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First Aid

• Original Power Point Created by Joel Wondra
• Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education
  Curriculum Office
• June 2002

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Basic Life Support (BLS)ABCs - Airway,
Breathing, Circulation

• Steps to follow in BLS
• 1. Check the responsiveness of the victim
• 2. Call for Emergency medical health
• 3. Position victim on his or her back
• 4. Open the airway
• 5. Assess breathing
• 6. Assess circulation
• 7. Stay with the victim until help arrives.

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BreathingMouth-to-Mouth Ventilation Children and
Adults

• Steps to follow in Mouth-to-Mouth
• 1. Place victim on their back
• 2. Open the airway
• 3. Check the victims breathing
• 4. If no breathing, start artificial ventilation
• 5. If chest doesnt rise, airway may be blocked
• 6. Take 5-10 seconds to check for a pulse
• 7. If breathing is restored, remain in position

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Choking

• Steps to follow if consciousvictim is choking
• 1. Call for emergency help
• 2. Open the airway, dont give up
• 3. Use the Heimlich Maneuver

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Choking

• Steps to follow if unconscious victim is choking
• 1. Call for emergency help
• 2. Open the airway, dont give up
• 3. Lay victim face up on a hard surface
• 4. Assess responsiveness and breathing
• 5. Perform Heimlich Manuever

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Circulation (CPR)

• CPR is combination of artificial ventilation and
  artificial circulation.
• It should only be done by a qualified person
• Periodic retraining is required

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Allergic Reactions

• Signs of allergic reactions include difficulty
  breathing (wheezing), swollen lips, tongue, and
  ears, hives, skin swelling and itching
• Treatment
• 1. Contact Medical Help
• 2. Keep victim quiet in a comfortable position
• 3. If victim stops breathing, give artificial
  ventilation.

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Bites and Stings (General)

• Treatment
• 1. Lie victim down and immobilize limb
• 2. Cold application on all bites except snakes
• 3. Flush snakebite with water
• 4. 2 wide cloth to provide a band near bite
• 5. Band should not be too restricting
• 6. Transport victim to hospital
• 7. Provide non-alcoholic liquid to victim

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Bites and Stings (Bees)

• Treatment
• 1. Do not remove stinger with a tweezer
• 2. Remove stinger with a flicking motion
• 3. If victim shows signs, treat for allergic
  react.

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Bites and Stings (Animal)

• Treatment
• 1. Seek medical attention
• 2. If skin is broken, wash with soap and water

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Bleeding

• Treatment
• 1. Call for medical help
• 2. Keep victim lying down
• 3. Place pad directly over wound
• 4. Apply direct pressure firmly with both hands
• 5. Raise bleeding part higher than rest of body

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Bleeding (Tourniquet)

• Use on arms or legs only
• Is usually not necessary
• Do not attempt to use unless you are specially
  trained.
• Should be placed between injury and heart

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Burns

• Object is to prevent shock and contamination.
• All burns should be attended to by a physician
• Do not apply ointments, grease, or baking soda

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Burns (Thermal)

• Treatment
• 1. Cool quickly with water
• 2. Place clean cloth over burned area
• 3. Keep victim lying down
• 4. Give no fluids
• 5. Call for medical health
• 6. Place head and chest lower than rest of body
• 7. Raise legs if possible

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Burns (Chemical)

• Treatment
• 1. Flush with plenty of water for 5 minutes
• 2. Remove clothes if needed
• 3. Place clean material over burns
• 4. Call for medical help
• 5. Lie victim down, provide lots of liquids
• 6. Place head and chest lower than rest of body
• 7. Raise legs if possible

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Cuts and Abrasions

• Its important to prevent infections
• Never put your mouth over a wound
• Dont breath on a wound
• Dont touch with dirty fingers or cloths
• Treatment
• 1. Cleanse wound with soap and water
• 2. Hold sterile pad firmly over wound
• 3. Continue to cover wound if bleeding persists

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Fractures

• First aid should do no more than prevent further
  injury
• A fracture should be assumed if body part does
  not have normal look and function
• Treatment
• 1. Unless in danger, dont move victim
• 2. Leave the limb in the position you found it
• 3. Apply a splint

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Frostbite

• Signs include skin that is pink just before
  frostbite and changes to whit or grayish-yellow
  as it develops, initial pain, numbness and cold.

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Frostbite

• Treatment
• Cover area with warm hand of woolen material
• If hands, hold them in armpit
• Bring victim inside
• Place area in warm water (101-103 F)
• Dont use hot water, water bottle, or heat lamp
• Dont rub frostbitten area
• Let circulation reestablish naturally, exercise
• Give them something warm to drink
• See a doctor

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Heat Exhaustion

• Signs include pale and clammy skin, profuse
  perspiration, rapid pulse, weakness, headache,
  nausea, cramps in abdomen and limbs.
• Treatment
• Contact emergency medical help
• Have victim lie down, elevate feet
• Move victim to shade or cool place
• Give victim diluted salt water

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Heat Stroke

• Signs include flushed hot and dry skin, rapid,
  weak pulse, confusion and unconscious
• Treatment
• Get medical help, delays could be fatal
• Cool body by spraying or sponging with cool water
• Liquids, but no alcohol

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Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac

• Signs include itching, redness, or blisters
• Treatment
• Cut clothing from exposed area (use gloves)
• Avoid contact with contaminated area
• Wash exposed area with soap water (no soap)
• Wash yourself after treating
• Apply commercial products
• If blisters develop, see doctor

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Seizures and Convulsions

• A seizure is not a medical emergency. It usually
  ends in a few minutes. If it lasts more than 15
  minutes, get medical help.
• Treatment
• Remove objects that may injure a person
• Do not restrain victim
• Do not slap victim or douse with water
• Do not place finger or hard objects in the mouth
• When seizure ends, take victim to comfortable
  area and allow them to sleep if they wish

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Shock

• Signs include cold, clammy skin with beads of
  perspiration on forehead and palms, pale skin
  color, a cold feeling, shaking chills, nausea,
  vomiting, shallow, rapid breathing
• Usually accompanies severe injury

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Shock

• Treatment
• Get medical help
• Correct the cause of the shock
• Keep victims airway open
• If victim vomits, prevent choking
• Elevate victims legs
• Keep victim comfortable and warm
• Give water to the victim (unless abdominal)
• Reassure victim

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Spine or Neck Injuries

• Do not move victim unless needed
• Get medical help
• Do not move head except to keep airway open
• If victim vomits, roll to their side. Dont turn
  head
• Monitor breathing

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Sprains or Strains

• Treat as though it were a fracture
• Place injured part at rest
• Elevate injured part if possible
• Apply cold compress or ice to prevent swelling
• Contact a doctor
• Dont apply heat for at least 24 hours