Carus Corporation

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Carus Corporation

• Permanganate Products, Chemistry
• and Applications
• 11 October 2005
• Bob Glaze, Phil Vella

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Outline

• Carus Chemical Company
• Markets
• Properties of Permanganate
• Products
• Safety
• Open Discussion

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Carus Chemical Company
Peru, Il Corporate Headquarters,
Administration Sales and Marketing
Trubia, Spain Manufacturing Sales
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Carus Chemical Company

• CAIROX potassium permanganate
• CARUSOL liquid permanganate
• AQUA MAG blended phosphate
• CARUS zinc orthophosphates
• LIQUOX sodium permanganate
• CARULITE catalyst
• CARUSMATIC
• engineered feed systems

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Markets Municipal Drinking Water

• Ground Water/Surface Water
• Applications
• Fe/Mn (Oxidation/Sequestering)
• Taste and Odor (TO)
• Disinfection by-products (THMs/HAAs)
• Turbidity
• Color
• Arsenic
• Radium
• Corrosion Control Distribution Systems

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Markets Municipal Wastewater

• Collection Systems
• Biosolids Dewatering
• Applications
• Nuisance Odors
• H2S, Mercaptan, Amines
• Toxicity Reduction
• Struvite Prevention

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Markets Industrial

• Chemical Processing
• Odor, Purification, Synthesis
• Refineries
• H2S, Phenol, FeS, TOC
• Electronics
• Desmearing, Etching
• Wire Rod (Ferrous)
• Descaling, Desmuting
• Gas (Air) Wet Scrubbing
• Odor, Purification
• Pulp and Paper
• Odor

Textiles Bleaching, Waste Hazardous
Waste Phenol, sulfides, Organics Mining/Acid
Drainage Fe, Mn, CN Slag Treatment Sulfur
Compounds Food Odor, Toxicity Aquaculture/Food
TOC, Parasites, Toxins
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Markets Pollution Abatement

• Hazardous Site Remediation
• TCE
• PCE
• PCP
• RDX
• Air Purification
• CO Oxidation
• Ozone Destruction
• VOC Destruction

Strip Mall containing a contaminated Dry Cleaner
Site is remediated with permanganate and
converted to a school.
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Markets Mining
Acid Mine Drainage Gold Ferricyanide
destruction Enhanced Gold Extraction Copper Cu-M
o Separations Pb-Cu Separations Zinc Zn
Purification Cyanide/Thiocyanate Waste Treatment
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Markets Other

• Custom Manufacturing
• Green Oxidation
• Engineered Systems
• CARUSMATIC Feed Systems
• Rechargable Batteries
• Li-Manganese Spinel

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Global Permanganate Market Producers
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Sustainability
Product Costs

• Market Economy
• Performance Standards
• Product Stewardship

• Pollution-Based Model
• Inefficient mfg processes
• Resources Under Valued
• Costs deferred to future generations

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KMnO4 Manufacture Environmental Footprint
Environmental footprint is based upon the energy
required to manufacture one pound of KMnO4
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KMnO4 Manufacture Environmental Footprint Example
Greenhouse gases produced per ton KMnO4 produced
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China
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Central Asia
6
EU
4
US
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
tons CO2 generated/ton KMnO4 produced
Chinese KMnO4 production contributes an estimated
1.3 million tons of CO2 to the atmosphere
annually
Based upon the assumption that all process energy
was derived from coal.
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• Dr. Phil Vella

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Potassium Permanganate

• Discovered in 1659
• Produced Commercially in 1860
• Introduced - Worlds Fair, London 1862
• Used as a Disinfectant
• Used to Make Saccharine
• Used in Water Treatment 1910
• Manufactured by Carus Since1915

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Product Overview
Permanganate products are available as
Crystalline Solids Concentrated Liquids
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Potassium Permanganate
300
Water
250

• Formula .............................KMnO4
• Formula Weight..................158.03
• Supplied as a Solid
• Specific Gravity (6 sol 1.04 g/cc)
• Bulk Density.... 90-100 lbs./ft3
• Heat of Solution. 10.2 Kcal/mole

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Solubility KMnO4, grams / liter
150
100
50
0
25
50
75
100
Temperature, oC
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Sodium Permanganate

• Formula .............................. NaMnO4
• Formula Weight..................... 141.93
• Supplied as a liquid
• Specific Gravity (40 sol, 1.36 g/cc)

Solubility,
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Temperature, oC
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Permanganate Chemistry
Cyanide/Thiocyanate Waste Treatment 3KCN
2KMnO4 H2O ? 3KCNO 2KOH 2MnO2 3SCN
8KMnO4 H2O ? 3KCNO 2KOH 8MnO2
3KSO4 Acid Mine Drainage, Fe/Mn Removal 3Fe2
MnO4- 4H ? MnO2 3Fe3 2H2O 3Mn
2MnO4- ? 5MnO2 4H Sulfide
Oxidation  3H2S 4KMnO4 ? 2K2SO4 S0 3MnO
MnO2 3H2O neutral 3H2S 8KMnO4 ? 3K2SO4
2H2O 2KOH 8MnO2 basic
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Carus ProductsSolid Permanganate
Packaging Available in pails, drums, Cycle Bin
?, and Bulk
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Carus Innovative ProductsLiquid Permanganate
Benefits

• Higher Concentrations (40 vs 3)
• Effective in cold weather (5 F for 40)
• Easy to use/Handling is minimized
• Simplified Feed Systems/Recyclable Mini-Bulk
• Manpower reduction/Automation
• Effective for sites with limited utilities
• Easily trialed and evaluated

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Carus Innovative ProductsLiquid Permanganate
Packaging Available in 5, 55, 275 gallon
containers, and Bulk
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CARUSMATIC? Engineered Feed Systems
For effective and efficient utilization,
Potassium Permanganate requires being put into
solution.
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Responsible Care

• Facility Security
• Reducing Emissions
• Energy Efficiency
• Employee, Transportation, and Process Safety
• Product Safety and Communication
• Accountability

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Regulatory Issues
Driven by US DEA (Drug Enforcement
Administration) intent to restrict trade for
illegal drug use.

• KMnO4
• Trade is strictly regulated by the US DEA
• All transactions must be reported including
  brokering
• Export permit required from most Governments
• Import permits required by several countries,
  eg. Canada, Mexico

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Crystalline Permanganate Safety and Handling

• Crystalline Permanganate is a hazardous chemical
• Strong oxidant
• It can react violently with oxidizable materials.
• Permanganate presents no health hazard during
  ordinary handling and storage.

• Solid Form (gt97 active)
• Stable under normal conditions
• Incompatible with acids, peroxides, combustible
  organics, metal powders,
• oil grease
• Dilute Solution (1-6)
• Very stable

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Liquid Permanganate Safety and Handling

• Liquid Permanganate is a hazardous chemical
• Strong oxidant
• It can react violently with oxidizable
  materials.
• Concentrated Form (20-40)
• Stable under normal conditions.
• Incompatible with acids, peroxides, combustible
  organics, metal powders, oil grease.
• Can cause a fire if left on dirty rags or paper
  towels and thrown in garbage. Dilute to less
  than 6 with water to neutralize.
• Dilute Solution (lt6 solution)
• Very stable

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Permanganate Storage Requirements

• Stable under normal conditions
• Keep dry and away from heat
• Do not store next to acids, peroxides,
  combustible organics, such as brake fluid or
  antifreeze, metal powders, or other materials
  identified in the MSDS
• Take care to protect the containers from
  physical damage

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Carus Value Added

• Research and Development, Fundamental Knowledge
• Laboratory Evaluation Analysis, Research
  Support
• Engineered Systems, Optimized, effective product
  utilization
• Technical Service, Application support
• Quality Product, Consistent material
• Reliability of Supply, Known source,traceable
• Safety, Shipping,Storage, Use,Training
• Customer Service, Responsiveness
• Area Representatives, Field Sales,Distribution
  Network
• Responsible Care, Sustainability
• Integrity, Tradition of Excellence since 1915