Occidental College, Los Angeles

1
Brown University, Chapman University, Claremont
McKenna College, Colorado College, Gustavus
Adolphus, Mills College, Morehouse College,
Pepperdine University,
Pomona College, Spelman College Swarthmore
College, Tufts University, University of
California, Berkeley, University of California,
Davis, University of California, Santa Barbara,
University of San Diego, University of Southern
California, University of Washington, Willamette
University

• Occidental College, Los Angeles
• Feb. 27-29
• 2004

Max Boot ? Ivo Daalder ? Michael
Hirsh ? Robin Wright
2
Transforming Iraq
Michael Hirsch
Anthony Chase

• Even though there are deep schisms in Iraqi
  society, there is a great sense of nation
  building
• The key to reconstructing Iraq will be avoiding
  both Balkanization and theocracy
• Civil society development and elections must
  occur simultaneously

Rapporteur Madelyn Gee
3
Transforming Iraq
Michael Hirsch
Anthony Chase

• Questions
• Can we ever truly democratize the Middle East?
• What plans do we have for institution-building
  and to what extent will they be secular?
• Theres no question that oil companies are going
  to want to secure rights to the oil. What
  happens the oil?

Rapporteur Madelyn Gee
4
Public Diplomacy
Michael Hirsch
Geoffrey Cowen

• Public diplomacy is performed by all nations in
  the form of citizen exchanges, cultural
  interactions, and broadcasting
• Public Diplomacy affects American trade, safety
  and tourism abroad, brand identifications, and
  international programs at colleges and
  universities

Rapporteur Madelyn Gee
5
Public Diplomacy
Michael Hirsch
Geoffrey Cowen

• Questions
• How can we project American values in a way that
  persuades rather than offends the international
  citizens?
• Regarding American broadcasts abroad, how do we
  move from monologue to dialogue?

Rapporteur Madelyn Gee
6
EUROPE
Ambassador Derek Shearer
Consul General Kerek-Barczy

• Main Issues
• What has created the differences between Europe
  and United States?
• Europe is complacent, rich and comfortable in its
  own shell
• Is there a common European foreign policy?
• What is Europe?

Rapporteur Nikolay Filchev
7
EUROPE
Ambassador Derek Shearer
Consul General Kerek-Barczy

• The void between Europe and America has appeared,
  because neither has a thorough understanding of
  the post bi-polar world.
• Europe and the United States are natural allies,
  but challenging each others position is healthy
  and necessary.
• Europe is a success story.
• Europe would become more and more integrated and
  this is good for America.

Rapporteur Nikolay Filchev
8
EUROPE
Ambassador Derek Shearer
Consul General Kerek-Barczy

• Europe would never run a federal model and each
  country will retain its own voice, regarding
  foreign policy issues.
• Europe has interests outside its boundaries
• Europe will never has its own security force, but
  NATOs functions would be redefined.
• Europe will expand, but not at all costs every
  country in Europe should be able to make a run
  for membership in the EU.
• Europe will assist LDCs, but it would look for
  coherence and reforms.

Rapporteur Nikolay Filchev
9
Global Economy
Jane Jaquette
Jim Whitney

• More institutional structure/regulation is needed
  to make globalization work better for everybody
• Regional trade agreements (NAFTA) have been
  oversold to the world, but their guiding
  principles should still be working
• The interests of states have not changed there
  is still room to gain from trade

Rapporteur Nikolay Filchev
10
Global Economy
Ambassador Derek Shearer
Consul General Kerek-Barczy

• Trade negotiations have facilitated making some
  tough choices, which are truly beneficial in the
  long run
• The United States has clearly been on the
  defensive end
• We have to reconsider some forgotten
  redistributive measures

Rapporteur Nikolay Filchev
11
Global Economy
Ambassador Derek Shearer
Consul General Kerek-Barczy

• In view of the upcoming elections
• Globalization is not the cause of the problems in
  the US economy
• Global income distribution has worsened
  significantly
• Globalization negotiations should not be tied to
  the political agenda

Rapporteur Nikolay Filchev
12
The Middle East
Robin Wright
Anthony Chase

• Main Questions
• Will there be a renewed commitment to the
  Israeli-Palestinian peace process?
• How can the US develop a less threatening image
  in the Middle East?

Rapporteur Asta Schuette
13
Democracy in the Middle East
Anthony Chase
Robin Wright

• How can cultural movements or youth to place
  pressure on the government from below while the
  government place political pressure from above?
• Will the US continue to ignore the lack of
  democracy in Middle Eastern countries such as
  Egypt or will foreign policy take a direct
  position on this issue?
• Will we be committed to the long-term development
  of Iraq especially in the development of a strong
  Iraqi civil society?

Rapporteur Asta Schuette
14
The United Nations
Ambassador Richard Sklar
Ambassador John Hirsch

• Question
• Should the United States relinquish a portion of
  its power for a cooperative relationship with the
  UN? If so how much?

Rapporteur Asta Schuette
15
The UNState Sovereignty
Ambassador Richard Sklar
Ambassador John Hirsch

• When are domestic problems so grave that
  national boarders must be transcended?

Rapporteur Asta Schuette
16
The UNInterdependance(or Globalization)
Ambassador Richard Sklar
Ambassador John Hirsch

• What is the effect of economic globalization on
  the international community? Should the UN become
  involved in economic global issues such as labor
  violations?

Rapporteur Asta Schuette
17
Latin America
Carol Wise
Denise Dresser

• US as the hegemon in the region should take a
  more active role in promoting economic
  development
• Effects of NAFTA on Mexico issues around free
  trade
• Haiticomparison to Iraq, promotion of democracy

Rapporteur Meghan Byrne
18
Latin America
Denise Dresser
Carol Wise

• Questions
• Is the current policy of neglecting Latin America
  as we focus on the war on terror in the long term
  interests of the United States?
• Is President Bushs immigration proposal viable
  without the collaboration of Mexico?
• What does the current situation in Haiti reveal
  about the limitations of the American military to
  promote democracy?

Rapporteur Meghan Byrne
19
Russia
Walter Comins-Richmond
Larry Caldwell

• Self-Preoccupied Indifference and Chechnya.
• Deterioration of Democracy in Russia.
• Control of Weapons Proliferation.
• Russian Interest in Georgia.
• Russian Missile Testing.

Rapporteur Maria Stoyadinova
20
Russia
Walter Comins-Richmond

Larry Caldwell

• Questions
• Do you believe that the War on Terror has been
  used by the Putin administration to justify
  Russian actions in Chechnya? How would you
  approach the Chechen problem?
• Having in mind the recent Russian nuclear weapons
  testing, how do you plan to address arms control
  in the future within a multilateral framework?

Rapporteur Maria Stoyadinova
21
Russia
Walter Comins-Richmond
Larry Caldwell

• Questions
• What should the future US objectives in Georgia
  be, considering the fact that Russia has a strong
  incentive to keep Georgia within its sphere of
  influence?
• Do you perceive the roots of terrorism as mainly
  ideological or as a product of social conditions
  such as poverty?

Rapporteur Maria Stoyadinova
22
Africa
Ambassador John Hirsch
Movindri Reddy

• Because race relations changed in the US due to
  9/11, the way that the US views Africa has also
  changed.
• Africa is at the bottom of US concern.

Rapporteur Kai Small
23
Africa
Ambassador John Hirsch
Movindri Reddy

• Questions
• How does the US plan to go about assisting in the
  establishment of a framework of democracy that is
  unique and appropriate to African nations? 
• How will the US become involved in Africa in a
  way that is effective and productive for both
  Africans and Americans? 

Rapporteur Kai Small
24
Bushs War on Terror
Larry Caldwell
Ivo Daalder

• Critical to properly define the War on Terror and
  depending on our definitions, alter our foreign
  policy
• Critical to address the variations of freedom and
  determine whether the same demand for freedom as
  we understand it is yearned for in other
  societies

Rapporteur Rebecca Wittman
25
Bushs War on Terror
Larry Caldwell
Ivo Daalder

• Questions
• Can the religion of Islam play a strong role in
  democratization?
• Is freedom as we know it the aspiration of every
  society in the world? Which type of government is
  going to best develop other societies?
• Should the War on Terror be a war? If not, what
  should it be?

Rapporteur Rebecca Wittman
26
Nation Building
Ivo Daalder
Richard Sklar

• By ensuring safety and meeting basic needs before
  reforming the government, civilians will be able
  to participate in their own nation building
• Perhaps nation building is not always in our best
  interests the process is extremely difficult,
  requires time and resources, and planning is
  crucial
• Our state department needs both international and
  domestic assistance in rebuilding Iraq

Rapporteur Rebecca Wittman
27
Nation Building
Ivo Daalder
Richard Sklar

• Questions
• How is the Bush administration going to fix
  nation building in Iraq?
• If nation building is going to be a very long
  process, how do you convince the American people
  to support the effort when if they do not feel
  obligated to help build the Iraqi government?

Rapporteur Rebecca Wittman
28
United States Foreign Policy in a Historic Context
Jane Jaquette
David Axeen

• Are all societies inevitably moving toward the
  same modernity as Woodrow Wilson claims?
• Democracy is a process success requires that
  Iraqis own the process and make decisions that in
  the short term may not be in our best interests
• While separation of the three ethnic groups in
  Iraq does not seem physically feasible, a
  multiethnic state requires a great deal of
  resources

Rapporteur Rebecca Wittman
29
United States Foreign Policy in a Historic Context
David Axeen
Jane Jaquette

• Questions
• Will your administration tolerate variations that
  come out of the Iraq democratization process,
  elections, etc. that vary from your chosen path?
• Will your administration provide sufficient
  provisions to finish the job despite political
  changes that will occur in the United States?
• If the process of democratization gravely
  deteriorates after power is handed over to the
  Iraqis, how is our administration going to
  respond?

Rapporteur Rebecca Wittman
30
The War on Terror
Dan Caldwell
Gregory F. Treverton

• Weapons of Mass Destruction
• Higher probability of being used, but decrease in
  risk of global devastation
• Security and Intelligence
• Debilitated by massive numbers of bureaucrats
• It is impossible to be perfectly safe
• Perception of Terrorists
• Terrorist capabilities have been chronically
  underestimated

Rapporteur Alex Coita
31
The War on Terror
Dan Caldwell
Gregory F. Treverton

• Psychological Threats
• The system is biased towards spreading fear
• Politicians use terror as a political tool
• Understanding the Roots of Terror
• The connection between poverty and terrorism is
  hard to prove
• Need to get people a stake in the system
• The Iraq War and American Legitimacy
• Washington underestimated both short and
  long-term effects of the war
• The US squandered the high moral ground it had
  immediately after 9/11

Rapporteur Alex Coita
32
The War on Terror
Dan Caldwell
Gregory F. Treverton

• Domestic Sources of the Bush Policy
• American public is largely uninterested in
  foreign affairs
• Politicians need to present a simple view of the
  world and hype the threat to get domestic support
• Is the War on Terror a Real War?
• No more than the war on poverty
• The threat is inflated only 22 Americans killed
  last year
• Focus should be placed on issues like the Arab
  Israeli Conflict

Rapporteur Alex Coita
33
The Bush Doctrine
Ivo Daalder
Dan Caldwell

• Bushs worldview is ideological, confident,
  coherent and wrong
• Very much a leader and not given the credit and
  blame he deserves
• Bush Doctrine is unilateralism, preemption and
  regime change for terrorists and tyrants
• Revolution is a product of Bush and most of it
  will leave with him

Rapporteur Jordan Parkhurst
34
The Bush Doctrine
Ivo Daalder
Dan Caldwell

• Questions
• How will the doctrine of the Bush Administration
  or new Democratic Administration approach
  situations where intelligence is more inexact
  than usual?
• How or would you change the Coalitions of the
  Willing approach to international allied action?

Rapporteur Jordan Parkhurst
35
China
Seth Faison
Derek Shearer

• Before 9/11, China was going to be our next enemy
• Problems between China and the US Tibet, Taiwan,
  Trade
• The CCP is factionalized
• Little political reform has paralleled
  significant economic reforms
• The Bush Administration misperceives Chinas
  perspective on North Korea

Rapporteur Stephan van der Mersch
36
China
Seth Faison
Derek Shearer

• Questions
• What should be the USs trade policy with China?
• What should be the long-term strategy for Tibet
  and Taiwan?
• Should there be a new Visa policy and a long-term
  strategy to promote American values in China and
  other nations?

Rapporteur Stephan van der Mersch
37
On behalf of the Sessions Committee, thanks for
coming!