Notes 3

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Notes 3
THE ROAD TO THE CIVIL WAR

• 7. Conflicts over slavery and Compromises
• Slavery in Louisiana Purchase?
• Manifest Destiny---1840 to 1850
• President James K. Polk1845 to 1849
• Oregon Territory---1846
• Texas Statehood--1845
• Mexican War---1846 to 1848
• US acquired the Mexican Cession
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo1848
• Slavery in the Mexican Cession?
• Compromise of 1850
• Calif. Admitted as a free state
• Create 2 new territories Popular Sovereignty
• South Enforce the Fugitive Slave Law
• North stop the slave trade in Washington, D.C.

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notes 4

• Gadsden Purchase----1853
• Kansas-Nebraska Act----1854
• Stephen Douglas---build railroad in the North
• Organize Kansas and Nebraska Territory and open
  it up to Popular Sovereignty
• Effects
• Abolitionists against it
• Ruined the Missouri Compromise
  
• led to violence----Bleeding Kansas---1856
• Republican Party---1856---political party
  organized to stop the expansion of slavery

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notes 5

• 8. Judicial Arguments
• Dred Scott1857-----slave sued for his freedom
• Supreme Court Decision
• Constitution did not apply to slaves
• Legalized slavery in the U.S.
• All compromises were unconstitutional
• 9. John Browns Raid---1859
• Harpers Ferry
• Reactions
• North---martyr for the abolitionist cause
• South---no other choice but secede

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notes 6

• 12. Election of 1860
• Lincoln wins election
• South Carolina secedes from the U.S., Dec of
  1860.
• 10 other Southern States would secede in 1861
• formed the CSA---Confederate States of America
• Why?

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Missouri Comp
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Texas War of Independence
TEXAS WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

• Americans began moving into Texas in the 1820s
  and brought their slaves with them.
• War fought by Texans against Mexico because they
  believed their rights had been violated.
• Won by Texans in 1836 and requests to enter the
  U.S.

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Texas War of Independence
TEXAS WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

• President Jackson and Van Buren refused to
  recognize Texas statehood because of slavery.
• Texas became its own country with Sam Houston
  president, 1836 to 1845.
• Mexico never recognized the independence of
  Texas.

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Texas War of Independence1
TEXAS WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

• Texas entered as a U.S. state in 1845.
• Mexico vowed if Texas became part of the U.S.,
  this would be an act of war.
• One cause of the war with Mexico in 1846.

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Picture/Polk
MANIFEST DESTINY

• James K. Polk, Democrat
• President from 1845 to 1849
• Responsible for the Manifest Destiny
• Expansionist
• Acquired the Oregon Territory from Great Britain
  in 1846
• 54, 40 or Fight
• 49th Parallel

• Mexican War acquired Mexican Cession and
  completed U.S. control of the continent from
  ocean to ocean

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Oregon dispute
MANIFEST DESTINY

• Treaty with Great Britain in 1846
• President Polk campaign slogan was 54,40 or
  fight
• Compromised with British and divided the Oregon
  Country at the 49th parallel

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Picture/M.Destiny
MANIFEST DESTINY

• American belief that U.S. would control the
  continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific.
• KEY EVENTS
• Texas statehood
• Oregon territory
• Mexican War
• Mexican Cession

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Picture/M.Destiny
MANIFEST DESTINY

• KEY EVENTS
• Pioneers TrekWest
• California trail
• Oregon trail
• Mormons trail
• Gold discovered
• Gold Rush

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Picture/M.Destiny
MANIFEST DESTINY

• KEY EVENTS
• Californiastatehood
• Donner Party
• 40 mile desert
• Ragtown
• Genoa

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Trails
TRAILS WESTWARD
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CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH
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Mexican War

• Long Term Causes
• Manifest Destiny
• California
• Immediate Causes
• Texas statehood, 1845
• Mexico refusing to sell California
• Border dispute
• Effects
• US receives Mexican Cession
• Disputes over expansion of slavery will lead to
  the Civil War

MEXICAN WAR
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Mexican War
MEXICAN WAR
18

• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Mexico ceded the Mexican Cession to U.S.
• Rio Grande River boundary between U.S. and Mexico
• U.S. paid Mexico 15 million

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Map expansion
20
Comp of 1850
COMPROMISE OF 1850

• Most intense debate in U.S. History
• John C. Calhoun
• North should honor the Constitution and enforce
  the Fugitive Slave Law
• South wanted California
• threatened to secede from U.S.
• U.S. should have two Presidents---one from the
  North and one for the South

• Daniel Webster
• Secession is impractical impossible
• How would we split the land?
• The military?
• Compromise at all cost
• Preserve the Union

• Henry Clay
• The Great Compromiser, with John C. Calhoun,
  Daniel Webster and Stephen Douglas, propose this
  compromise.

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Picture/S.Douglas
STEPHEN DOUGLAS

• U.S. Senator from the state of Illinois
• Solve the slavery issue was through Popular
  Sovereignty
• let the people in each territory decide through
  the process of voting whether they want slavery
  or not.
• Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John
  C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850
• Calif. A free state
• enforce Fugitive Slave Law
• Popular Sovereignty
• stop slave trade in Washington, D.C.

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Map Comp of 1850
Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a
territory to vote on whether they want slavery to
exist or not in their state.
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FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW

• ABOLITIONISTS RESPOND
• Denounced by Abolitionists
• Harriet Beecher Stowes, Uncle Toms Cabin is
  published
• Abolitionists refuse to enforce the law
• Underground Railroad becomes more active

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Fugitive Slave Law
FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW
RESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTS An immoral law makes
it a mans duty to break it, at every hazard.
For virtue is the very self of every man. It is
therefore a principle of law that an immoral
contract is void, and that an immoral statute is
void. The Fugitive Slave Law is a statute which
enacts the crime of kidnapping, a crime on one
footing with arson and murder. A mans right to
liberty is as inalienable as his right to life
Ralph Waldo Emerson 3 millions of the American
people are crushed under the American Union! The
government gives them no protection the
government is their enemy, the government keeps
them in chains! The Union which grinds them to
the dust rests upon us, and with them we will
struggle to overthrow it! The Constitution which
subjects them to hopeless bondage is one that we
cannot swear to support. Our motto is, No Union
with Slaveholders.We separate from them, to
clear our skirts of innocent blood.and to hasten
the downfall of slavery in America, and
throughout the world! William Lloyd Garrison
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FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW

• SOUTHERNERS RESPOND
• Southerners threatened secession and war
• Believed it should be enforced because the
  Constitution protects property and Federal law is
  over State law.
• 5th Amendment
• Supremacy Clause

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Map expansion
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Kan. Neb Act
KANSAS AND NEBRASKA ACT

• Build a transcontinental connecting California to
  the East Coast either in the South or North
• Stephen Douglas wanted the railroad built in the
  North but had to convince the South otherwise.
• Proposed a plan that Kansas and Nebraska
  territories be opened up to slavery in return for
  building the railroad in the North.
• Popular Sovereignty

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Map Bleeding Kan
BLEEDING KANSAS

• Kansas/Nebraska Act led to several acts of
  violence between pro-slavery settlers and
  anti-slavery settlers.
• First violent outbreaks between north/south.
• First battles of the Civil War begin in Kansas in
  1856.
• Over 200 killed

(Led by John Brown)
Attacks by free-states Attacks by pro-slavery
states
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Bleeding Kan
BLEEDING KANSAS
After the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act in
1854, the Kansas territory became a battleground.
Pro-slavery and antislavery supporters rushed to
settle in Kansas. The territory was torn by
battles and massacres. The issue also bitterly
divided the nation and led to the formation of
the Republican Party. The first shots of the
Civil War were in Bleeding Kansas.
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Chart/Rep. Party
Formed to stop the expansion of slavery
Free Soil Party against the expansion of slavery
REPUBLICAN PARTY
Democrats opposed the expansion of slavery
Abolitionists
National Republican which become the Whigs.
Know Nothing Party against immigration
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Map Kan/Neb Act
Popular Sovereignty Allow the people in a
territory to vote on whether they want slavery to
exist or not in their state.
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Picture/Dred Scott
DRED SCOTT DECISION

• Slave from Missouri traveled with his owner to
  Illinois Minnesota both free states.
• His master died and Scott wanted to move back to
  Missouri---Missouri still recognized him as a
  slave.
• He sued his masters widow for his freedom since
  he had lived in a free state for a period of
  time.
• Court case went to the Supreme Court for a
  decision-----National issue
• Can a slave sue for his freedom?
• Is a slave property?
• Is slavery legal?

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Chart/Effect of Scott
DRED SCOTT DECISION

• Supreme Court hands down the Dred Scott decision

• Slaves cannot sue the U.S. for their freedom
  because they are property.
• They are not citizens and have no legal right
  under the Constitution.
• Supreme Court legalized slavery by saying that
• Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving
  his slaves to a new territory
• Missouri Compromise and all other compromises
  were unconstitutional

• North refused to enforce Fugitive Slave Law
• Free states pass personal liberty laws.

• Republicans claim the decision is not binding
• Southerners call on the North to accept the
  decision if the South is to remain in the Union.

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Reading/Scott decision
DRED SCOTT DECISION
Chief Justice Roger B.Taney (1777 to 1864) in the
case of Dred Scott referred to the status of
slaves when the Constitution was adopted.
They had (slaves) for more than a century before
been regarded as beings of an inferior order and
altogether unfit to associate with the white
race, either in social or political relations
and so far inferior that they had no rights which
the white man was bound to respect. This opinion
was at that time fixed and universal in the
civilized portion of the white race.
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Picture/J.Brown
JOHN BROWN

• Violent abolitionist
• Involved in the Bleeding Kansas
• Murdered 5 pro-slavery men in Kansas
• Wanted to lead a slave revolt throughout the
  South by raising an army of freed slaves and
  destroying the South.

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Picture/J.Brown
JOHN BROWN

• Attacked a U.S. Ammunition depot in Harpers
  Ferry, Virginia in Oct. of 1859 to capture
  weapons and begin his slave revolt.

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Picture/J.Brown
JOHN BROWN

• Unsuccessful and captured by USMC under the
  leadership of Robert E. Lee
• Put on trial for treason.

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Picture/J.Brown Hanging
JOHN BROWN

• He was found guilty of treason and sentenced to
  death.
• His last words were to this effect I believe
  that the issue of slavery will never be solved
  unless through the shedding of blood.
• Northerners thought of John Brown as a martyr to
  the abolitionist cause.
• Southerners were terrified that if John Brown
  almost got away with this, there must be others
  like him in the North who are willing to die to
  end slavery.
• Souths outcome To leave the U.S. and start
  their own country.

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John Brown Martyr or Madman?
41
Reading/Tubman on Brown
42
Reading/Lincoln on Brown
43
Chart/LD Debates
LINCOLN--DOUGLAS DEBATES

• Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S.
  Senate in Illinois.
• The debates were followed by the country because
  both candidates were interested in running for
  the Presidency in 1860.
• Slavery was the issue
• Lincoln stated A House Divided against itself
  cannot stand. Either we become one or the other.
• was against the expansion of slavery
• Douglas believed that slavery should be decided
  by the people.
• Popular sovereignty
  

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Picture/ LD Debates
LINCOLN--DOUGLAS DEBATES
Lincoln got Douglas to admit that Popular
Sovereignty could work against the expansion of
slavery.. Southerners would not support Douglas
for the presidency in 1860
45
Reading/Lincoln on slavery
46
Election of 1860
ELECTION OF 1860

• Country is polarized (divided) over the issue of
  slavery.
• Once Lincoln is elected as president, South
  Carolina will secede from the U.S. along with
  several other Southern States.
• They will form the Confederate States of
  America---CSA

• 303 total electoral votes and 152 to win.

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Secession