Framing: Agency

1
Framing Agency

• Who or what made it happen?
• Who or what is responsible or to blame?
• Who are the players?
• Who wins and who loses?

2
FramingIdentification and Presentation

• How are the players presented?
• Can the reader identify with the players?
• Are they humanized?
• Demonized?
• Distant, foreign?

3
New York Times Editorials

• KAL 007
• There is no conceivable excuse for any nation
  shooting down a harmless airlinerno
  circumstances whatever justifies attacking an
  innocent plane.
• Iran Air 655
• While horrifying, it was nonetheless an
  accident. The onus for avoiding such accidents
  in the future rests on civilian aircraft avoid
  combat zones, fly high, acknowledge warnings.

4
October 24, 1983
September 19,1983
5
The Ballad of Flight 007 Words Lyrics by Jerry
Griffin
Listen to the tale of Flight 007 and the sounds
are from Hell. It was flying the skies one
September day when a Russian Mig fired away.
.. The trial wasn't long not the jury fair the
price they paid was more then their share. Bodies
ashes flung for miles all for the missile that
didn't go wild... Truth evades the eyes
ears. See the baby hug her mother's breast the
little boy so proud with wings on his
chest. Death is blind and mostly unkind Listen
my children and you can hear bullets bursting
round' your ears.
Http//www.inkpenpublishing.com/subsite/ballad.htm
6
Conflict at Sea The Straits of Hormuz 2008
7
Conflict at Sea
Fox News Network Graphic

• I am coming to you You will explode in a few
  minutes. http//www.youtube.com/watch?v7EwZ3T2Pi
  lg

8
Iranian Provocation

• The Iranians have done it before and theyre
  doing it again! http//www.youtube.com/watch?v-
  ijZjCZIbHc

Iranian Religious Leader Ayatollah Khameini
9
It was a provocative act, pure and simple.US
President George W. Bush

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vb7eaf8IZN1Y

10
Trying to Understand what underlay the Iranian
Aggression. CNN

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vlHFpytVt_KQfeature
  related

11
Fox News Network Why didnt the US Navy just
blow the Iranian boats out of the water?

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v8F478uYNk5s

12
Hormuz Straits Incident

• Never mind.. http//www.youtube.com/watch?vp
  AKjr6iH6EU

13

• Mischievous 'Filipino Monkey' could have
  triggered latest US-Iran row
• Matthew WeaverMonday January 14, 2008Guardian
  Unlimited
• A heckling radio ham known as the Filipino
  Monkey, who has spent years pestering ships in
  the Persian Gulf, is being blamed today for
  sparking a major diplomatic row after American
  warships almost attacked Iranian patrol boats.The
  US navy came within seconds of firing at the
  Iranian speedboats in the Strait of Hormuz on
  January 6 after hearing threats that the boats
  were attacking and were about to explode.
• Senior navy officials have admitted that the
  source of the threats, picked up in international
  waters, was a mystery.
• And now the US navy's journal, Navy Times, has
  claimed that the threats, which were broadcast
  last week by the Pentagon, are thought to have
  come from an infamous radio prankster.
• It said the Filipino Monkey, who could be more
  than one person, listens to ship-to-ship radio
  traffic and then interrupts, usually with abusive
  insults.
• Rick Hoffman, a retired captain, told the paper
  "For 25 years, there's been this mythical guy out
  there who, hour after hour, shouts obscenities
  and threats. He used to go all night long. The
  guy is crazy.
• "Could it have been a spurious transmission?
  Absolutely."
• An unnamed civilian mariner told the Navy Times
  "They come on and say Filipino Monkey in a
  strange voice. You're standing watch on bridge
  and all of a sudden it comes over the radio. It's
  been a joke out there for years."
• Last week, the Iranians and the US issued
  different video versions of what took place.
• On the Pentagon's version, a strange voice, in
  English, can be heard saying "I am coming to you.
  You will explode in a few minutes." The voice
  sounds different from one heard earlier in the
  recording and there is no background noise that
  would usually be picked up from a speedboat
  radio.
• In the Iranian version, there is no hint of
  aggressive behaviour.
• The Pentagon said it recorded the film and the
  sound separately and then edited them together to
  give a "better idea of what is happening".
• But Commander Lydia Robertson, a navy
  spokeswoman, admitted "We don't know for sure
  where they the threats came from. It could have
  been a shore station."
• The US lodged a formal complaint with Iran over
  the incident, and the president, George Bush,
  warned Tehran of "serious consequences" unless it
  stopped such aggression.
• During the 20-minute incident, five Iranian
  patrol boats swarmed around three US warships and
  came within 200 metres, puttingthe ships on
  alert.
• The US navy said its gunners came within seconds
  of firing on the speedboats.

14
Complaint to Broadcast Authority

• the programme was biased towards homosexuality,
  promoted homosexuality and contained
  discriminating elements
• it was unsuitable for broadcast at the scheduled
  time and exerted a bad influence on children and
  youths
• it was unfair to Christians as a whole as the
  reference to opposition from a Christian in the
  programme gave viewers a misleading impression
  that all Christians were irrational
• it did not mention the undesirable aspects of
  homosexuality such as AIDS and
• it did not contain a warning caption.

15
Broadcast Authority Ruling

• the programme did not contain anything which was
  misleading and unfair to Christians. The
  reference to opposition from one individual
  Christian shown in the programme did not amount
  to a generalization that all Christians were
  irrational
• the major cause of AIDs was unprotected sex
  rather than homosexual sex and
• a warning caption was provided at the beginning
  of the programme.

16
Broadcast Authority Ruling

• Program was partial and biased in favor of
  homosexuality.
• Documentary,
• Presentation of Controversial Issues Requires
  Equal time for differing community viewpoints
• The BA also considered the programme unsuitable
  for broadcast within the FVH as children and
  young viewers watching the programme might have
  no knowledge of homosexuality and might be
  adversely affected by the partial contents of the
  programme if parental guidance was not provided.
• RTHK was strongly advised to observe more closely
  paragraph 2 of Chapter 2 (family viewing policy),
  paragraph 1 of Chapter 7 (likely effects of all
  material shown on television on children), and
  paragraphs 2 and 3 of Chapter 9 (impartiality) of
  the Generic Code of Practice on Television
  Programme Code.

17
http//www.rthk.org.hk/rthk/tv/hkce/20061019.html
18
(No Transcript)
19

• ??????lt?????gt??????? ??????????, 2007-01-21,
  A03????????????, 2007-01-22, A10Apple
  DailyProgram segment ltComrade Lovergt said to be
  pro-homosexuality, RTHK condemns BA for
  interference in subject choice, 2007-01-21,
  A03RTHK shows gay program, accused of breaking
  promise, 2007-01-22, A10

20
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21
(No Transcript)
22

• ??????????????, 2007-01-21, ??,
  A01??????????????????????????, 2007-01-21,
  A01??????????????????, 2007-01-22, A11Ming
  PaoScholar BA members increasingly
  conservative, 2007-01-21, A01ltHong Kong
  Connectiongt accused of promoting homosexuality,
  BA issues strong advice, RTHK says decision is
  debatable, 2007-01-21, A1Concerned about strong
  advice for RTHK, Wong Wing-ping to meet Chu
  Pui-hing, 2007-01-22, A11

23
(No Transcript)
24

• ????????????, 2007-01-21, A19????????????,
  2007-01-21, A19??????? ???????, 2007-01-21,
  A18????????, 2007-01-22, A40,???????????,
  2007-01-22, A40Oriental DailyRTHK treats
  Broadcasting Authority as non-existent,
  2007-01-21, A19Wong Siu-yee condemns role
  conflicts and lack of supervision, 2007-01-21,
  A19RTHK louder than Broadcasting Authority,
  Bowtie's government truly failing
  2007-01-21,A18Who caused RTHK to be absolutely
  corrupt?, 2007-01-22, A40Public media should
  uphold traditional views, 2007-01-22,A40, A03