Hiroshimathe Liveliest City in Japan

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Hiroshimathe Liveliest City in Japan

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Title: Hiroshimathe Liveliest City in Japan

1
Lesson Two
Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan
(Excerpt)
2
Objectives of Teaching

To comprehend the whole text
To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions
To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences
To understand the structure of the text
To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the
passage.

3
Important and difficult points

1.The separation of the anti-Japanese psychology
of the Chinese students with the authors
repentance for the A-bomb cataclysm.
2. What is a narration?
3. The understanding and comprehension of the
contradiction between the sorrowful mentality of
the author and the humorous language of the text.
4. Some useful expressions such as to be
preoccupied, to be oblivious, and etc.

4
Background Information

Japan
National Name Nippon
Geography Four main islands Honshu (??),
Hokkaido (???), Kyushu (??), and Shikoku (??)
Area 371,857 sq.km.
Population 122,700,000 (1988).
Capital Tokyo

6
Background Information

Sept.1, 1939 Hitler invaded Poland. France and
Britain declared war on Gr. immediately,
officially beginning World War II
Jun.22, 1941 Gr. invaded USSR
Dec. 7, 1941 Pearl Harbour
Sept. 1943 Italy surrendered
May. 7, 1945 Gr. surrendered unconditionally

7
Background Information

Aug. 6, 1945 the first A-bomb exploded in
Hiroshima
Aug. 8, 1945 USSR declared war on Japan and
occupied Manchuria
Aug. 9, 1945 the dropping of the second A-bomb on
Nagasaki
Aug. 14, 1945 Japan announced its surrender

8
Background Information

Atomic Bomb
The explosion produces great amounts of heat, a
shock wave and intense radiation. The region of
the explosion becomes radioactively contaminated
and radioactive products may be deposited
elsewhere as fallout.
image-1 (??????)

9
Background Information

At 815 a.m. on August 6, 1945, by order of
President Truman, the first Atomic bomb,
nicknamed Little Boy was exploded over a point
near the centre of Hiroshima, destroying almost
everything with a radius of 830-1,450 meters.

10
Background Information

The damage beyond this area was considerable, and
over 71,000 people were killed instantly. Many
more later died of injuries and the effects of
radiation. Casualties numbered nearly 130,000.

11
Background Information

Survivors are still dying of leukaemia,
pernicious anaemia and other diseases induced by
radiation. Almost 98 of the buildings were
destroyed or severely damaged.

12
Background Information

The Japanese dedicated post-war Hiroshima to
peace. A destroyed area named "Peace City" has
been set aside as a memorial. A peace Park was
built. A special hospital built here treats
people suffering from exposure to radiation and
conducts research into its effects.
image-1(??????????)

13
Questions for the understanding of the text

1. What is the author? What does he come to
Hiroshima for?
2. How did he get to Hiroshima?
3. What was weighing heavily on his mind?
4. Why did he call his trip to Hiroshima a far
great adventure?

14
Questions for the understanding of the text

5. How did the author get to the City Hall?
6. What impression do you have about the cab
driver?
7. How did the author describe the city, why?
8. Why did the usher heave a long almost musical
sigh? What effect does this have on you?
9. What is the general atmosphere of this part?

15
Questions for the understanding of the text

10. What do you imagine the mayor looked like?
11. Why did he again sense the emotion that had
crushed him at the station?
12. Why was it difficult for him to ask why they
were gathered at that specific place?
13. Why did the Americans and Germans seem just
as inhibited as he was?

16
Questions for the understanding of the text

14. What do you imagine the faces looked like
each time the name of Hiroshima was repeated?
15. Why do you think the author repeatedly
reminds us of the serious appearances and the
psychology of the westerners?
16. What do you think the author expected the
mayor to say?

17
Writing Style

Narration
The telling of a story.
A good narration has a beginning, a middle and
an end.

18
Writing Style

In a narrative writing, the actions or the
incidents, events are generally presented in
order of their occurrence, following the natural
time sequence of the happenings, It is called to
be in Chronological order.
But it can also start in the middle or at some
other point in the action and move backward to
the earlier happenings. This is called flashback.

19
Writing Style

There are three basic components of a narration
a. Plot the frame of the writing, which consists
of a series of events. There are usu. one or
several climaxes, the highest point of the story,
with suspensions, conflicts, to arouse the
interest of the audience. After the climax is
reached, the story quickly moves to a conclusion.

20
Writing Style

b. Characters the leading character is called
the hero or protagonist.
c. Background the time and place of the story
The plot usually dominates narration, however,
some narratives focus on character or theme or
atmosphere.

21
Detailed Study of the Text

1. slip to move glidingly, smoothly, secretly or
unnoticed
2. lump a mass of sth. solid without a special
size or shape
a lump of lead, sugar
Black coffee, 2 lumps, please!
a hard swelling on the body
She was afraid when she felt a lump in her left
breast.

22
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to have a lump in one's throat
to have a tight feeling in the throat because
strong emotion, such as sorrow, pity, gratitude,
or excitement, etc.
All during her husband's funeral, she had a lump
in her throat.
John's mother had a lump in her throat at his
college graduation.

23
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3.on my mind troubling one's thoughts, causing
anxiety, unhappiness. When you have sth. on your
mind, you are completely preoccupied and
obsessed.
His failure weighs heavily on his mind.
He has got too much on his mind to worry about
your problem.

24
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cf
in one's mind think about, think of
I think I know what's in your mind.
Her mother was always in her mind.

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4. the very act of stepping on this soil
act and action
Action refers primarily to the process of
acting act to the result, the things done.
The rescue of a shipwrecked crew is a heroic
action while the launching of the lifeboat, a
brave act.

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on this soil on this land, on this earth, ground
(soil an emotive word)
A person in exile comes back to his motherland,
he kneels down to kiss the soil.
Here it suggests the emotion of the author. He
thinks his country is responsible for the A-bomb
destruction. He is preoccupied. He has the
feeling of atoning for the crime.

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5. adventure a journey that is strange and
exciting and often dangerous, sth. you do or a
situation you become involved in that is rather
unusual, exciting and dangerous.
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

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6. reportorial of / about a reporter
the adj. form of reporter
7. crime an offence which is punishable by law,
an immoral act

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8. appear
Appear, Look, and Seem can mean to be as stated
in one's view or judgement, but not necessarily
in fact.
Seem suggests an opinion based on subjective
impression rather than objective signs.
He seems tired.
My other visits to Beijing were twenty years
ago. How would it seem after such a long time?

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Look implies that the opinion is based on a
general visual impression.
His lips looked unnatural.
He looks nervous.
Appear suggests a distorted impression
His tongue could make the worse appear the better
reason.
He appeared not to have heard what had been said
about him.

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9. preoccupy to fill one's mind completely so
that not enough attention is given to other
present matters
When he is preoccupied with his hobby, he has no
idea of what is going on around him.
I was too preoccupied to hear the bell.
He had a preoccupied look on his face, as if
sth. was troubling him.

32
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preoccupation extreme concern for sth.
Reading is his main preoccupation
It seemed to me that the Japanese did not have
the same extreme concern which is bothering me.
I was totally absorbed in the consideration of
the crime, but the Japanese did not appear to be
so.

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10. rub shoulders with to meet and mix with
(people)
This is not the sort of club where the great rub
shoulders with the humble.
A person in my position rubs shoulders with all
kinds of people.
In our class, people of all trades (porter,
carpenter, coppersmith, etc.) rubber shoulders
with each other.

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11. oblivious be unaware of, not noticing,
unconscious of, lacking mindful attention
Their government is oblivious of the rights of
the poor.
I am oblivious of my former failure.
I was so preoccupied with the book that I was
oblivious of the surroundings.

35
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I was so preoccupied with the beautiful woman I
met on the bus that I was oblivious of the
pickpocket beside me / of what the conductress
was yelling when the bus came to a stop.

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12. bob to move up and down quickly and
repeatedly
The cork on the fishing line bobbed up and down
on the water.

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13. rite a ceremonial act with a fixed pattern,
usu. for a religious purpose, form of behaviour
with a fixed pattern
I don't know much about the rites of that church.
Secret society has their special rites.
ceremonial / burial / marriage rites
On Sunday we make our ritual visit to the the pub
at lunchtime. (humorous usage)

38
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14. formula an expression which is often used in
a particular situation, esp. one that has come to
sound stupid and meaningless
They exchanged the set of conventionally fixed
pattern of daily greetings.

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15. facade front or face of a building towards a
street or open place
16. grin broad smile that shows the teeth. It
intends to imply naive cheerfulness.
17. rear-view mirror a mirror (as in an
automobile) that gives a view of the area behind
the vehicle

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18. martyr person who is put to death or caused
to suffer for his beliefs
a martyr to a cause / love / duty
Eternal life to the revolutionary martyrs!
v. to put to death, cause to suffer, to torture
out of cruelty

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19. lurch to move with irregular sudden
movements, to move unsteadily, clumsily, with
heavy rolling and swaying back and forth
20. in response to as an answer to
She opened the door in response to the knock.

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In response to your inquiries, we regret to
inform you that we cannot help you in this
matter.
Twice I put the request to him but he said
nothing in response.

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21. twist to wind a number of threads, etc.
together
to make a rope by twisting threads
to twist the hair to make it curl
to turn, to change direction abruptly
to twist the cap of a tube of tooth paste
He twisted my arm.
Give the handle a twist, that will open the box.

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22. screech to make a sharp, high-pitched noise
23. halt to stop or pause, mainly used in the
phrase "come to a halt"
24. ignorance lack of knowledge
Please forgive our ignorance.
Poverty, disease and ignorance remain major world
problems.
We are in complete ignorance of his plan.

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ignorant To be ignorant of sth. is not to know
it.
He is quite ignorant of Latin.
She was ignorant of his presence.

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cf disregard, neglect ignore
disregard to treat as not worthy of notice
He disregarded Tom, and spoke straight to me.
We disregarded the gossip and rumours.

47
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neglect to give no or too little attention or
care to
You are neglecting your work / duty.
There is a factor which we must certainly not
neglect.

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neglect fail to do sth. because of carelessness
He neglected to return the book to the library.
Don't neglect to lock (locking) the door when you
leave.

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To ignore sth. is to pretend not to know or see
it.
She saw him coming but ignored him.
It is not a question that can be ignored.
Of these three words, ignore is the strongest and
neglect is the weakest.

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25. intermezzo
short musical composition to be played between
the acts of a drama or an opera, or one that
connects the main divisions of a large musical
work such as a symphony. This word is used very
lighted-heartedly here.

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26. I found myself in front of the gigantic City
Hall.
cf I got to the front of...
The first sentence indicates suddenness,
unconsciousness. I suddenly discovered that I was
in front of the City Hall.

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gigantic titanic, massive, huge, a close synonym
of giant
giant in fairy tales, a very big, strong
creature in the form of a man, but often
unfriendly to human beings and very cruel and
stupid.
27. usher official door keeper, a man who shows
people to their seats on an important occasion,
(or in a theatre or cinema)

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28. heave to give out (a sad sound), esp. in the
phrase " to heave a sigh / groan
We all heaved a sigh of relief when the work was
done.
sigh an act of letting out a deep breath slowly
and with a sound
She nodded, sighed and went on cooking.
He gave another deep sigh.

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29. sketch to draw roughly and quickly with
outlines but little detail
30. embankment a wide wall of stones or earth,
which is built to keep a river from overflowing
its banks, or to carry a road or railway over low
ground

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cf bank, shore, beach coast
When meaning land bordering a body or stream of
water, the four words are comparable.
Shore is the general word for the land
immediately bordering on the sea, a lake, or a
large stream.
Coast denotes the land along the sea regarded
especially as a boundary.

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Beach applies to the pebbly or sandy shore washed
by the sea or a lake
a rocky shore with here and there a cove with a
beach
Bank denotes the steep or sloping margin of a
stream

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Both shore and beach may denote a resort
frequented for pleasure or vacation. In this use
shore may specifically indicates proximity to the
sea, and beach a place adapted to the use of
swimmers or sunbathers.
spend the summer at the shore
spend a part of each day at the beach

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31. barge a large low boat with a flat bottom,
used mainly for carrying heavy goods on a canal
or river
32. moor to fasten (a ship, boat) to land, to
the bed of the sea, etc. by means of ropes,
chains and an anchor, etc.

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33. arresting striking, attracting and holding
attention. This word adds to striking the
suggestion of capturing attention
an arresting beauty / story
arrest to catch and fix (esp. sb.'s attention)
The bright lights arrest the boy's attention.

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34. spectacle sth. seen, sth. taking place
before the eyes, esp. sth. Fine and remarkable
The big army parade on national day is a grand
spectacle.
The erupting volcano is a wonderful spectacle.
The opening ceremony of the exhibition was a fine
spectacle.

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35. adrift afloat without control, driven about
by the sea or wind
a- has the meaning of "away, from, of, in, on,
etc."
aboard on the board, on the boat
afire to set sth. on fire
The house was afire.
afloat on water
afoot on foot I came afoot.

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36. beige pale yellowish brown
37. amid (fml. and lit.) among, in the middle of
38. incessant never stopping. The word implies
ceaseless or uninterrupted activity

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39. stun to make unconscious by hitting the head
The robbers stunned the guard by banging him on
the head.
He was stunned by the news of his father's death.
stunning very attractive, delightful, beautiful,
making you become intoxicated

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40. costume the clothes worn by people at a
particular time in history or in a particular
country
a museum of costume
portraits of people dressed in 17th-century
costume
bathing / swimming / riding costume
He was in academic costume in this photo.

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41. tread to walk or step, to put the foot down
on (Notice the mind is fixed on the feet.)
42. cautious having or showing great care, as if
there might be some danger
The thief cautiously opened the door.
The troops advanced with great caution.

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43. twinge a sudden sharp pain
to feel a twinge in the region of heart
a twinge of toothache / conscience
44. embarrass to feel ashamed or socially
uncomfortable

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45. prospect reasonable hope, sth. which is
expected or considered probable
She was quite excited by the prospect of seeing
her net friend soon.
The scandal ruined his prospects.
I see no prospect of his recovery.

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cf
expectation thing that is expected
The boy has great prospects / expectation.
We came here with the expectation of meeting the
mayor, but I see no prospects of seeing him now
since he is oblivious of us humbles.

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46. emotion any of the strong feelings of the
human spirit
Love, hatred, and grief are emotions.
His speech has an effect on our emotions rather
than our reason.
I was again overcome by the same sense of guilty
as I had experienced when I first arrived at the
station.

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47. bombardment attack, onslaught
bombard to attack with artillery, shells, or
bombers
48. slay (slew, slain) (lit.) to kill or murder,
to kill, esp. violently, to put to death

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cf
kill It is so general that it merely states the
fact, and doesn't have many connotations
to take medicine to kill the pain
What you have said killed my hope.
vegetable killed by the frost
to kill time
The president killed the project.

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slay v (fml.) kill (esp an enemy) in a violent
way. It implies killing by force or wildly, in an
uncontrolled way. It is rarely used in spoken
English, but it often occurs in written English
to convey a dramatic quality.
Cain slew his brother Abel
A truck driver was slain by the terrorists in
Iraq.

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murder to kill with a motive, a plan in advance
The bandits murdered the man for his money.
According to the historians he murdered his rival
in cold blood.
assassinate kill (esp an important or famous
person) for money or for political reasons
a plot to assassinate the president

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slaughter a. kill (an animal), usu for food b.
kill (animals or people) in large numbers
butcher a. kill and prepare (animals) for meat
b. (derog.) kill (people or animals) brutally
execute kill (sb) as a legal punishment
He was executed for bank robbery.

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massacre cruel killing of a large number (of
people or animals)
suicide n. killing oneself intentionally ?
commit suicide

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49. linger on to live on the point of death for
some time, esp. when suffering from a disease, be
slow in dying
The pain lingered on for weeks (was slow to
disappear).
The dying man lingered on.
He's no better, but he's lingering on by sheer
will power.

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linger to wait for a time which is considered
too long instead of going, delay going
The newly acquainted young couple lingered
around the hall long after the concert had ended.
She shouldn't have lingered after the others had
left---that was fatal.

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50. agony very great pain, intolerable suffering
of mind or body
He suffered agonies from his broken arm.
The country must not again go through the agony
of war.
the agony of defeat and the thrill of victory

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51. inhibit cause one to suppress certain
thoughts or desires because of the environmental
condition
His way of teaching is dull, and inhibits
imagination.
This medicine will inhibit the spread of the
disease.

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inhibited (of people's character) unable to
express what one really feels
They were too inhibited to laugh freely.

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52. agitate to stir, upset, disturb
The speech agitated the crowd.
agitated emotionally disturbed and excited
The audience was agitated.
agitator person who stirs up public opinion,
esp. on a political matter
agitation painful excitement of the mind
None of them noticed her agitation.

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53. assent (fml.) agreement, an acceptance (of a
statement) as true, It basically applies to
opinion or proposal, suggesting understanding
The committee assented to our proposals.
The teacher answered with a brief nod of assent.

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54. sink in penetrate, be fully absorbed or
understood,
If the ink sinks in, it'll be hard to remove the
spot from the cloth.
When Frank heard that war had started, it didn't
sink in for a long time until his father was
drafted into the army.
I think the lesson has sunk in, he won't make the
same mistake again.

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55. jolt to shake or be shocked
The cart jolted along over the rough road,
jolting every bone in his body.
With a tremendous jolt the car started.
The car ran over a hole and received a jolt.
The news was a jolt to me.

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56. reverie dreamy thinking, esp. of agreeable
things, daydreaming
He loved to indulge in reveries about his future.
He was awakened from his reverie by the teacher's
question.
She sat at the window, deep in reverie.

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He was sunk in reverie and did not hear me.
When one is preoccupied with sth., he has
preoccupations.
And he is likely to be oblivious of the things
around him. He is in deep reverie.

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57. heinous (lit) (of wicked people or acts)
very shameful, hatefully and shockingly evil,
abominable, outrageous, so shamelessly bad or so
conspicuous that it excites hatred or horror
The Nanjing massacre was a heinous crime
committed by the Japanese.

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58. confess admit
If you confess sth. or confess to sth., you admit
that you have done sth. that you feel ashamed of,
or embarrassed about.
confession a religious service at which a person
tells his faults to a priest

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In usage, confess and admit are almost the same
to confess / admit that...
to confess / admit one's sins / error
to confess / admit hating sb.
to admit / confess to stealing
to confess / admit oneself to be beaten

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59. cataclysm a violent and sudden change or
event, esp. a serious flood or earth quake or a
war
60. trace a visible mark or sign of the former
presence of a thing or event
We saw traces of rabbits and squirrels on the
snow.

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61. preserve (fml. or lit.) to keep from
destruction, to protect
Policemen preserve order in the streets.
Old records are preserved by protecting them from
light and moisture.
Fish are preserved in ice and salt until they are
sold.
No hunting is allowed in the preserve.

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62. erect (fml.) to build or establish (a solid
thing which was not there before)
Erect basically means to set upright
to erect a flagpole
Many factories were erected during that period.

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63. impact collision, a striking of one body
against another, the force of impression of one
thing on another
We see the impact of modern science on our
society everywhere.
The book made a great impact on its readers.
the concrete embankment built to resist the
impact of floods

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64. demolish pull down or tear down, to destroy.
When used in reference to buildings or other
complex structures (as of wood, stone, or steel),
it implies complete wreckage and often a heap of
ruins.
The automobile was demolished in a collision with
the train.
His research has been painstaking, and he
demolishes a great many legends.

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65. somehow in some way not yet known or stated,
for some reason that is not clear
I think she is right but somehow Im not
completely sure.
I think we can manage that somehow.
Somehow he was afraid of her.
I thought I knew the way, but somehow I got lost.

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66. belly (infml.) abdomen, stomach paunch are
synonyms when naming the front part of the human
trunk below the chest
abdomen medical term
stomach When used non-technically, it means
abdomen, but specifically means the organ which
digests food.

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belly an informal term for abdomen, suggesting
roundness.
He has a large belly.
paunch a derogatory and humorous term, meaning
fat stomach, esp. a man's.
The man has a paunch / a potbelly / a paunchy
belly / is paunchy.

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67. spare to keep from harming, punishing or
attacking
Take my money but spare my life.
They prayed that Allah might spare the village
from starvation.
Lay down your arms and we'll spare your lives.
The enemy were so heinous that they even refused
to spare the new-borns.

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afford to give
Can you spare me 5 minutes?
Can you spare an extra ticket for me?
Spare a penny, sir, for a starving man.
68. feel sick vomit, upset in the stomach so as
to want to throw up what is in it.
He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started
to move.

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69. or else or if not, or otherwise. This
expression is basically used as a threat.
He must pay 100 or else go to jail.
Do what I tell you or else!

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70. commit a. to do, to perform sth. bad, wrong
or unlawful
to commit an error / many horrible crimes
b. to order sb. to be placed under the control of
another or in a mental hospital
The judge committed him to prison.

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The court committed the man to a lunatic asylum /
mental home (hospital).
c. to promise to undertake, make oneself
responsible
The government has committed more money to
improving basic education.
He was fully committed to the plan.

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71. humiliate to cause to feel humble or to lose
the respect of others, to hurt the pride or
dignity of
He humiliated her beyond endurance.
72. encounter to meet or be faced by sth. bad,
esp. a danger or a difficulty
What if we should encounter a bear?

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73. prejudice an unreasonable, unfair dislike or
preference of sb. or sth
Prejudice against women is becoming less severe.
A judge must be free from prejudice.
racial / national prejudice

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74. on the part of by, of
It will arouse deep suspicions on the part of our
allies.
I apologize for any mistake on my part.
75. scar a mark remaining on the skin or an
organ from a wound, cut, and etc.

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76. victim a person, animal or thing that
suffers pain, death, destruction, etc. as a
result of other people's actions, of illness, bad
luck, etc.
tsunami victims
77. genetic damage a damage or illness which has
been passed on or inherited and will be passed on
from generation to generation

107
Detailed Study of the Text

78. earthly of this world as opposed to heaven
material worldly as opposed to spiritual
earthly care daily life and worries, cares on
the earth which is in contrast with that in
heaven, in death.

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Structural Analysis

Part I (para 1.) The Arrival
Part II (The Japanese ...the kimono and the
miniskirt.) Way to City Hall
Part III (At the door...) Meeting the Mayor
Part IV (the hospital) At the Hospital

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Writing Technique

1. Contrast description of the scenery and of
his own emotion
Psychology sorrowful and repentant.
Hiroshima symbolizes war crime, sin, death,
terror, etc.
Scenery lively, happy, vigorous, cheerful, etc.

110
Writing Technique

2. Humour serious looking men, bob up and down,
the cab driver, the usher, meeting the mayor in
his socks, spinal column flexible,
Hiroshima---oysters, small man with very large
eye-glasses, his eyes nearly closed behind their
thick lenses, etc.

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Rhetoric

Ironya figure of speech in which the meaning
literally expressed is the opposite of the
meaning intended and which aims at ridicule,
humour or sarcasm.
Hiroshima---the Liveliest City in Japan
Each day of suffering that helps to free my from
earthly cares
congratulate myself on the good fortune that my
illness has brought me

112
Rhetoric

Anti-Climax the sudden appearance of an absurd
or trivial idea following a serious significant
ideas and suspensions. This device is usu. aimed
at creating comic or humorous effects.
a town known throughout the world for
its---oysters
The duties of a soldier are to protect is country
and peel potatoes.

113
Rhetoric

Alliteration the repetition of an initial sound
that is usu. a consonant in two or more
neighbouring words.
slip to a stop
tested and treated
Rhetorical Question a question that needs no
answer, but used for emphasis
Was I not at the scene of the crime?

114
Rhetoric

Euphemism the substitution of an agreeable or
in-offensive expression for one that may offend
or suggest sth unpleasant
eg
He was sentenced to prison---He is now living at
the government's expenses.

115
Rhetoric

The boy is a bit slow for his age.
to go to heaven---dead
to go to the bathroom, do one's business, answer
the nature's call, put an end to my life.
Each day of suffering that helps to free me from
earthly cares.

116
Rhetoric

Metonymy
...little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete
skyscrapers ...struggle between kimono and the
miniskirt
I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact.

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Rhetoric

Metonymy a figure of speech that consists in
using the name of one thing for that of something
else with which it is associated.

118
Rhetoric

Metonymy can be derived from various sources
a. Names of persons
Uncle Sam the USA
b. Animals
the bear the Soviet Union
the dragon the Chinese (a fight between the
bear and the dragon)

119
Rhetoric

c. Parts of the body
heart feelings and emotions
head, brain wisdom, intelligence, reason
She was a girl who excited the emotions, but I
was not one to let my heart rule my head.
grey hair old age

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Rhetoric