Academic Integrity, Citation, and Professionalism

1
Academic Integrity, Citation, and
Professionalism

• Danielle C. Istl
• Academic Integrity Officer
• www.uwindsor.ca/aio
• Year 1 Nursing - Winter 07

2
Overview

• Why Academic Integrity?
• Misconduct in Assignments
• Plagiarism
• Applying the Rules
• Citation
• Consequences of Plagiarism
• Turnitin.com
• Professionalism
• Top Ten List

3
Why Academic Integrity?

• Academic integrity is a core value in North
  American education.
• It is upon this value that the University
  operates.
• All Windsor faculty, staff, and students are
  expected to protect and uphold this value.

4

• Students acquire valuable skills they need in the
  workplace.
• Academic integrity at the U of W increases the
  value of your degree.
• Nursing is an ethical profession requiring
  ethical people.

5
(No Transcript)
6
Misconduct in Assignments

• Having someone else write your assignment or vice
  versa
• Copying from someone else
• Allowing someone to copy from you
• Providing your work to someone for an improper
  purpose

7

• Buying or selling papers (online or elsewhere),
  e.g., customessay.com
• Collaborating with another person without
  authorization
• Using unauthorized material
• Plagiarizing

8
What is Plagiarism?

• Using someone elses work as your own
• This includes their words, ideas, thoughts, or
  data.
• Failing to attribute the source of the
  information you use
• Failing to cite properly
• Submitting the same work in two different courses
  (per Univ. policy)
• Submitting work identical to another students
  work without permission (per Univ. policy)

9
The Universitys Plagiarism Policy

• In the preparation of essays, papers, reports,
  and any other types of assignments, students must
  necessarily rely on the work of others.

10

• However, it is imperative that the source of
  any ideas, wording, or data obtained from others
  be disclosed and properly acknowledged by
  citations, quotation marks, and bibliographic
  references in proper format.
• (emphasis added)

11
Why Do People Plagiarize?

• Lack of knowledge about what constitutes
  plagiarism
• Time issues
• Poor research, writing,
• citation, or organizational skills

12
Why plagiarism contd.

• Cultural norms
• Pressure to succeed
• No original thoughts
• Not detail-oriented
• Cant be bothered

13
When Do I Have to Cite?

• When you use a passage from a source word for
  word
• Short quotes (use quotation marks)
• Long quotes (indent as a block and omit quotation
  marks)
• When you paraphrase someone elses words or
  information

14

• When you borrow someone elses ideas
• When you refer to the work of another
• When someone elses work has been critical in
  developing your own ideas
• (Turnitin.com and Research Resources, 2004).

15
Should You Cite?

• In-class Exercise
• Applying What You Know

16
Example 1

• Women must resist the socialization and
  brainwashing in the North American culture that
  teaches passive acceptance of violence in daily
  life, that teaches us we should eliminate
  violence with more violence.

17
Example 2

• Watching television is a passive exercise by
  which men and women become accustomed to
  witnessing violence. We should fight this
  passive acceptance of violence as we live our
  daily lives.
• YES paraphrasing.

18
Example 3

• Females, just like males, learn to become
  insensitive to the violence around them as a
  result of watching far too much television where
  violence is commonplace.
• YES paraphrasing again.

19
Example 4

• I disagree that we experience brainwashing in our
  culture that teaches passive acceptance of
  violence in daily life. Rather, violence is a
  very real part of the world around us it is only
  natural that . . .
• YES in part, because some is word for word I
  disagree that brainwashing in our culture
  teaches passive acceptance of violence in daily
  life. (cite)

20
Example 5

• One way people can combat the North American
  emphasis on military action is to personally
  disengage . . .
• YES using the authors ideas. The authors
  work forms the basis of this statement.

21
Example 6

• There is a lot of violence on television.
  However, one need not even have a television . .
  .
• NO common knowledge, and some opinion.
• If in doubt, however, err on the side of citing.

22
When Is Citation Not Required?

• When expressing your own thoughts and ideas in
  your own words
• When analyzing or synthesizing the material you
  have researched
• When drawing your own conclusions
• When expressing common knowledge

23
Examples

• There is a lot of violence on television.
• What patients tell their doctors is presumed to
  be private.
• Canada is comprised of ten provinces and three
  territories.
• The most intelligent people at the University are
  Nursing students.

24
Citation/Style Guides

• These vary discipline to discipline.
• Humanities Use MLA.
• Health Sciences Social Sciences APA.
• Seek help from the manual itself, online citation
  guides, your professor, the Leddy Library, and
  the Academic Writing Center.

25
Citation General Guidelines

• Ways of identifying your sources in the body of
  the paper
• Introductory sentence
• Author
• Title
• Genre (book, journal article)
• Parenthetical
• (Author(s), year) - APA style
• (Author(s), page) MLA style
• Footnote / endnote (Chicago/Turabian style)

26
APA Style (5th ed.)

• Introductory sentence
• If authors name in sentence, put year of
  publication in ( ).
• Rogers (1994) compared reaction times . . .
• If authors name not in sentence, put both name
  and year of publication in ( ).
• A recent study of reaction times (Rogers, 1994)
  shows that . . .
• (Examples courtesy of Leddy Library
• APA Style Guide webpage.)

27

• Direct quote or paraphrase
• Follow with (author, year, p. ).
• It is futile to maintain that the sexes are
  interchangeable (Jessel, 1991, p. 94).
• Always include the page number.

28
Other Rules

• For multiple authors or group authors
• Multiple depends on the number 2, 3
• Can use et al for second and subsequent
  references
• Group can abbreviate
• Where no author
• Where citing more than one author for the same
  proposition
• E.g., Several studies (Balda, 1980 Pepper
  Funk, 1993) reveal . . .

29
Reference List

• your bibliography
• Considerably more information is required
• Titles in full (proper capitalization)
• Complete publication information
• If source is online, must include
• Retrieved full date, from webpage url
• no period after the url (unlike other citation
  styles)

30
Reference List Format

• Format for articles
• Author Bekerian, D.A.
• (year of publication). (1993).
• Title of article. In search of the typical
  eyewitness.
• Title of journal, American Psychologist,
• Volume number, 48,
• Pages on which article can be found. 574-576.

31
Eddie

• Eddie yawns as his 70-minute class begins. He is
  bored. He begins talking to Jill who is sitting
  next to him. Worried about his breath, he pops
  some gum in his mouth and offers gum to everyone
  around him. About a half hour later Jill
  leaves. Eddies stomach growls. He leaves the
  class and returns ten minutes later with a
  Harveys hamburger and french fries.

32
Consequences of Plagiarizing

• In Class
• Academic assessment of zero or significantly
  reduced grade on the assignment
• Possible failure of the course
• Through Academic Integrity Office
• Admonition or censure (first offence)
• Judicial Panel hearing (and likely suspension)
  for subsequent offences
• Sanctions appear on academic transcripts.

33
Turnitin.com What is it?

• Plagiarism-prevention service
• Developed by iParadigms (California)
• See Turnitin.com website
• Turnitin Research Resources for students
• Tips, guidelines, FAQs

34
How Does Turnitin Work?

• An electronic copy of your work is compared to
  material in three huge databases.
• An originality report is generated identifying
  text matches.
• The professor determines if the work is
  plagiarized.

35
How Does Turnitin Help You?

• It encourages you to learn when and how to
  properly reference your sources.
• It protects you from theft of your work.
• It evens the playing field for honest students.

36
Professionalism

• Under the Nursing Faculty guidelines and
  individual course requirements
  
  
• Under the College of Nurses practice
  standards
• Under the Student Code of Conduct
• Under Senate Bylaw 31

37
IN THE CLASSROOM Myra

• Myra arrives to class late because she just went
  for a long jog. She didnt have time to shower
  so she douses herself with perfume. She sits
  down in the second row. As she sits down, her
  coke spills on the student next to her. Ten
  minutes later her phone rings to the tune of
  Bachs Minuet 3. She leaves the classroom to
  take the call.

38
Bill

• Bill has a bad cold and he forgot to bring
  kleenex. He sniffles in class repeatedly because
  he is worried his nose will drip onto his notes
  or his clothes. Occasionally he wipes his nose
  on his shirt sleeves. He also coughs
  excessively. He finally leaves to get kleenex.
  When he returns he asks the professor, Did I
  miss anything important?

39
Professionalism in Nursing

• The same behaviours expected of nurses in the
  field are expected of nursing students in the
  classroom.
• College of Nurses of Ontario
• www.cno.org

40
The Seven Standards

• Accountability
• Continuing Competence
• Ethics
• Knowledge
• Knowledge Application
• Leadership
• Relationships

41
Accountability

• Taking action
• Providing the best possible care
• Taking responsibility for errors
• Reporting unsafe behaviour

42
Continuing Competence

• Assuming responsibility for own professional
  development
• Investing time and effort in improving knowledge
• Participating in the CNOs Quality Assurance
  Program

43
Ethics

• Identifying ethical issues
• Identifying options to resolve ethical issues
• Ensuring personal values do not conflict with
  professional practice

44
Ethical DilemmaThe Nurse

• Im a nurse and my views about medical practice
  often clash with those of the chiropractors who
  own the clinic where I work. One day they
  distributed pamphlets to our patients
  discouraging vaccination. I disagree with these
  ideas but should I distribute material that
  contradicts theirs? If I dont, patients may not
  get immunized. If I do, theyll end up confused.
  What should I do?
• Source Randy Cohen, The Good, The Bad and
  the Difference (New York Random House, 2002)

45
Ethical DilemmaThe Physician

• Im an anesthesiologist. Last week I had a young
  male patient on the table for an appendectomy.
  As I was pushing the drugs to put him to sleep, I
  noticed a Nazi flag tattoo on his upper arm.
  Being Jewish and having a grandmother who lost
  her entire family to the Nazis, I was disturbed.
  What level of care must an ethical physician
  provide to an offensive patient?

46
Knowledge

• Providing evidence-based rationale for all
  decisions
• Understanding relevant legislation
• Understanding how to deal with complex clients
• Using research

47
Knowledge Application

• Assessing the clients situation
• Creating plans of care
• Using best-practice guidelines
• Recognizing limits of practice and consulting
  with others

48
Leadership

• Role-modelling professional values
• Advocating for clients
• Acting as a role model and mentor to novices and
  students
• Participating in nursing associations

49
Relationships

• Nurse-client relationships
• Demonstrating respect, empathy, and interest
• Preventing abuse
• Professional relationships
• Using communication and interpersonal skills to
  maintain collegial relationships
• Developing networks to share knowledge

50
(No Transcript)
51
Expectations Under The Student Code of Conduct

• Practise personal and academic integrity.
• Take responsibility for own personal and academic
  commitments.
• Contribute to the University community to gain
  fair, cooperative and honest inquiry and learning.

52
TOP TEN LISTHow to Avoid Plagiarism
53
NUMBER TEN!

• Find out the Universitys policy on
  plagiarism. See your course outline, the
  University calendar, your Student Handbook, or
  the Student Code of Conduct. Ignorance is no
  excuse.

54
NUMBER NINE!

• Use Plagiarism Prevention techniques, which
  include When in doubt, CITE!

55
NUMBER EIGHT!

• When in doubt about anything, ASK. Professors
  and staff are here to help you. They want you to
  succeed!

56
NUMBER SEVEN!

• Take advantage of on-campus resources
  specifically designed to assist you such as
• The Academic Writing Center (AWC)
• The Academic Integrity Office (AIO)
• Library Services

57
NUMBER SIX!

• Learn how to properly reference sources by
  investing in a current edition of the proper
  citation manual, or by visiting the Leddy Library
  in person or online.

58
NUMBER FIVE!

• Cite to ALL outside sources used, whether
  quoting, paraphrasing, or borrowing ideas.
  Referencing your sources enhances your work.

59
NUMBER FOUR!

• Information taken from the Internet must also
  be attributed. Before using Internet-based
  material, be sure to evaluate the credibility of
  the website.

60
NUMBER THREE!

• Write down bibliographic information about
  your sources as you go. This also saves time
  later.

61
NUMBER TWO!

• Say NO to people who encourage you to engage
  in plagiarism, or ask you to assist them in
  doing so. Dont let others use you.

62
AND . . . THE NUMBER ONE TIP IS . . .

• Plagiarizing can seriously jeopardize your
  academic career and your future. Your
  reputation is worth preserving.
• DO THE RIGHT THING!

63
To learn more . . .

• Talk to your professors.
• Talk to health care professionals.
• Visit www.uwindsor.ca/aio
• Reach me at
• ext. 3929
• istld_at_uwindsor.ca
• Room 313 Assumption Univ. Bldg.

64
The End

• WISHING YOU A SUCCESSFUL YEAR (and a good mark
  on your papers)!!

www.uwindsor.ca/aio