Lm Prevalence and Levels in DeliMeat at Retail

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Listeria monocytogenes Prevalence and Levels in
Deli-Meat at Retail The NAFSS Study Public
Meeting June 23, 2009 .
Dr. Ann Draughon, Roddy Distinguished
Professor The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Funding National Alliance for Food Safety and
Security, Universities of Tennessee, Minnesota,
UC Davis, Auburn and USDA/ARS
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Collaborators NAFSS USDA-ARS
ConsultantsAMI, FMI, NTF, NFPA/FPA, USDA-FSIS
Draughon Cliver, Hajmeer Ryser
Oyarzabal
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Objective 1 - Determine the occurrence of
Listeria monocytogenes in 8015 selected RTE meat
and poultry deli meats sliced at deli counter
and product pre-packaged under USDA inspection
Objective 2 - Determine the levels of Listeria
monocytogenes (LM) in RTE meat and poultry that
is positive for LM
Objectives
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Types of Samples Targeted

• Goal 8000 Samples Total
• (½ retail deli and ½ pre-packed manufacturer)
• LM Sample Size 125 g (FSIS methodology)
• Uncured Poultry1000 deli, 1000 pre-pack
• Cured Poultry 1000 deli, 1000 pre-pack
• Beef and Pork 2000 deli, 2000 pre-pack
• Previously Unopened Chub Samples1000

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Locations for Sample Collection

• Collect data in locations where foodborne illness
  data are routinely documented by
  FoodNet/PulseNet
• Choose locations representative of the United
  States (geographic, product availability, age
  other demographics)
• 3. Choose locations where NAFSS scientist were
  willing to work collaboratively and follow highly
  specific and identical detailed protocols for
  sample collection, handling, analysis and data
  reporting

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FoodNet Sites
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Sampling Protocol Information

• Detailed Collection Sampling Protocol- All labs
  followed exactly the same protocols
• 450 g Sample (Use 125/250g) in USDA FSIS
  protocol) remainder saved for later study
• Census data collected for each state/location -
  population percentage calculated for each
  county and collection weighted by county
• Tennessee Population 5,689,283 (98 counties)
• Population of Shelby County 897,472
• Shelby is 15.7 of population x 2000 samples
• 315 samples collected in Shelby County

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Sampling Protocol Information

• Stores in sampling area (yellow pages and
  internet) selected based on random number
  generator. Each store visited only once.
• Information on Deli Practices Collected with
  Sample
• From store to lab in lt24h, held at lt4 C
• Temperature Data Loggers in all coolers
• Extensive Information Collected With Sample

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Type of Sample Info Collected

• Sample Code , Name Type of Product, Store
  Random Code , Purchase Date, County, Inspection
  Code
• Manufacture date - Sell By Date (date was
  never within 7 days of collection to allow for
  transport and testing)
• Amount of Product - Size of Sample at least 450g,
  
• Amount remaining of deli product before slicing
• Manufacturing Codes
• Product Collection Temperature, Ambient
  Temperature
• Formulation (antimicrobial if label available)
  future study
• State or Federally inspected  
• Brand varieties encouraged so that a cross
  section of the market was demonstrated. Brand
  Matching
• (ie. Retail Case Ready vs Deli) was not possible.
• Customer Based Deli Practices Score (our system)

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Type of Sample Info Collected

• Sample Code , Name Type of Product, Store
  Random Code , Purchase Date, County, Inspection
  Code
• Manufacture date - Sell By Date (date was
  never within 7 days of collection to allow for
  transport and testing)
• Amount of Product - Size of Sample at least 450g,
  
• Amount remaining of deli product before slicing
• Manufacturing Codes
• Product Collection Temperature, Ambient
  Temperature
• Formulation (antimicrobial if label available)
  future study
• State or Federally inspected  
• Brand varieties encouraged so that a cross
  section of the market was demonstrated. Brand
  Matching
• (ie. Retail Case Ready vs Deli) was not possible.
• Customer Based Deli Practices Score (our system)

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Selection of Grocery Stores

• Type A Stores 75 of samples
  In the Top 100 Retailers
  
  Examples Wal-Mart, Kroger, Albertsons,
  Safeway, Ahold, Publix, Delhaize, Winn Dixie,
  AP, HEB, Supervalu, Shaws, Eagle, Hy-Vee,
  Pathmark, Raleys, Wegmans, Harris-Teeter, Stater
  Bro, Price Shopper, Whole Foods (including ALL
  store names owned by the corporation i.e..
  Kroger (Ralphs, King Sooper, Smiths, Dillons,
  QFC, PayLess, etc.)
• Type B Stores 25 of samples
• Examples Small regional chains, privately or
  family owned, small national chains

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Analysis Protocol for LM(USDA with additions)
MOX Rapid LM Chrom Agar
125 g sample
UVM Broth
Fraser Broth
Only if Presumptive Positive
Gene Trak Listeria Assay
3 Tube MPN (USDA Protocol)
Horse Blood Overlay Agar
API GeneQuence Genetic Confirmation
STORAGE, PFGE, PCR
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Product Breakdown for Positive LM
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LM Positive Deli Style RTE Meat Poultry Samples
-2005-2006
NFPA 03 0.4 2.7 0.89
(2000-2001)
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Comparison of LM Occurrence in RTE Meat and
Poultry at Retail
Ratio of LM in deli vs. pre-pack
71 81
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MPN of LM in RTE Meat Poultry 2005-2006
Number of Positive Samples
Level of LM in MPN/g
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Comparison of MPN of LM in RTE Meat
Poultry-2002 vs. 2005
of Positive Samples
Level of LM in MPN/g
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Deli Checklist 10 pt Maximum

• Score of 0, 1or 2 for each section (2no observed
  deficiency)
• Personnel cleanliness, hairnet, gloves, apron,
  etc.
• Product clean, orderly, refrigerated, no raw
  meat contact, unprotected contact with surfaces
• Display Case clean, drip, maintenance, customer
  access, temperature

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Checklist continued

• Visible Deli Facilities clean, trash covered,
  food prep in serving area, clutter, floors,
  slicers- set up and cleanliness, food contact
  surfaces cleaned frequently, etc.
• Premises appear clean, off-odors, rodents, bait
  or insects, standing water, appropriate indoor
  temperature (68 to 78), humidity if available,
  product transport carts

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Deli Practices Checklist
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Deli Checklist Scores - All Stores
Number of stores
Deli Checklist Score 0-10 (10excellent)
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LM Positives Compared to Checklist Scores
Positive Samples
Check-List Score 0-10 (10excellent)
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Product Temperature at Time of Collection of LM
pos Samples
Samples
Temperature C
NAFSS
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Refrigeration Storage Times for Deli Meatsa
Source AMI 2001, FDA CFSAN, 2003
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Approximately How Many Cells Are Consumed in a
Typical Serving that is Positive for LM?
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Concluding Thoughts

• LM Prevalence 0.15 pre-packed
• 1.2 deli sliced
• LM Prevalence in RTE meat and poultry reduced
  by more than half since 2002
• LM Levels were reduced compared to 2002
• Intervention is needed to assist some of the
  smaller grocery deli operators to improve deli
  practices
• Delis that are attractive and look clean may
  still have issues with LM

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Acknowledgement and Appreciation Folks Who
Critically Reviewed and Contributed to
Methodology , Experimental Design and Sampling
Protocol
Listeria Research Team Ryser, Oryzabal,
Hajmeer, Cliver USDA-ARS Liaison Jim
Lindsay USDA-FSIS Lynda K., Heather H-F,
Many Formerly NFPA now FPA Jenny Scott American
Meat Institute Randy Huffman Food Marketing
Institute Jill Hollingsworth National Alliance
for Food Safety Security J. Denton
Thank you