PINEHURST SURGICAL CLINIC, P'A' OSHA Training March 2003

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PINEHURST SURGICAL CLINIC, P.A.OSHA Training
March 2003
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OSHA

• The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970,
  the law that created OSHA, spells out certain
  duties for all employers and employees.
• Basically, employers are responsible to provide a
  safe work environment and employees are
  responsible to ensure their own safety.

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Safety and Health Hazards

• Imminent Dangers-are hazards that can reasonably
  be expected to cause death or serious physical
  harm immediately.
• Serious Hazards-can cause an accident or health
  hazard exposure resulting in death or serious
  physical harm.
• Other-than-serious hazards-lack the potential for
  causing serious physical harm, but could have a
  direct impact on employee safety and health.

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Electrical Safety

• Hazards of Electricity
• Shock
• Burns
• Arc-Blast
• Explosions
• Fires

• Causes of Electrical Accidents
• Unsafe equipment and/or installation
• Unsafe workplaces caused by environmental factors
• Unsafe work practices

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Preventing Electrical Accidents
Insulation Frayed cord

• Insulation
• no frayed cords
• Electrical protective equipment
• fuses, circuit breakers, cover plates
• Guarding
• access by authorized personnel only

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Preventing Electrical Accidents

• By not following outlined recommendations, the
  potential effects can lead to electrical shock,
  burns and electrocution from contact with live
  parts.
• Do not bring items from home to work because of
  the risk of having an unpolarized two plug
  connection that can become ungrounded.

Standard 29 CFR 1910.304 (f)(4)
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Lock Out/ Tag Out

• This procedure is applicable to any shut-down for
  any maintenance, inspection, cleaning, adjustment
  or servicing of equipment (electrical, mechanical
  or other) that requires entrance into or close
  contact with the machinery or equipment.
• The main power disconnect or lever controlling
  its source of power or flow of material will be
  locked out and tagged. These procedures apply
  to, but are not limited to, building and grounds
  maintenance personnel.

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Evacuation Protocols

• Fire
• Tornado
• Earth Quake
• Hurricane
• Act of God

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Fire Safety

• Remain calm, turn off equipment, close
  doors/windows, and evacuate quickly following the
  procedures outlined in our Fire Escape Plan.
• The most important step in the fire escape
  procedure is to verify that everyone is out of
  the building. This should be confirmed before
  attempting to extinguish the fire. Be sure to
  report to your assembly area for accountability.
• Learn the location of the fire extinguishers in
  your area.
• Fire Drills are held 4 times per year.

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WEATHER WHAT IS A WATCH?

• A WATCH means conditions are right for a tornado
  and/or hurricane to develop. Plan your action.

• If a WATCH is issued
• Keep the radio or TV tuned to weather casts.
• Be alert for changes in the weather.
• Be prepared to move to a safe shelter.

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WEATHER WHAT IS A WARNING?

• A WARNING means a tornado and/or hurricane has
  been sighted. Seek shelter.

• If a WARNING is issued
• Seek shelter
• Seek the interior rooms on lower floors
• Stay away from windows, exterior walls, and large
  open rooms.

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Things to Remember in a Weather Emergency

• Move to the center of the building or your
  departments designated area if there are violent
  weather conditions.
• Keep away from file cabinets and other objects
  which may fall.
• Do not use matches or lighters in the event there
  is a loss of power. Have emergency flash lights
  available.

• Avoid elevators!
• Remain calm. Reassure others nearby.
• Help patients.
• Watch out for falling plaster, bricks, light
  fixtures and other objects.
• Stay in the building unless you are in immediate
  danger.

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WHAT IS A CODE 4?

• Any life threatening condition (e.g. heart
  attack, stroke, hemorrhage)
• The following procedures are to be followed in
  the event of a Code 4
• 1. Patient goes into Code 4 condition.
• 2. Nurse or person on the scene notifies nearest
  secretary of Code 4 incident and location. Nurse
  then returns to the patient and attempts
  resuscitation.

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WHAT IS A CODE 4?

• 3. Secretary immediately implements the following
  proceduresa. Dial 604 on the phone (paging
  system) and announces     CODE 4, DEPARTMENT
  NAME ____________b. Calls Rescue Squad - 911c.
  Informs business office receptionist in their
  department of Code 4 and location.d. Calls the
  switchboard, Ext. 200 for names of doctors in
  that morning and/or afternoon.e. Stays at the
  desk and acts as central information point.

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WHAT IS A CODE 4 ?

• 4 . Business office receptionist, after
  notification by secretary immediately goes to
  main hallway in front of department and directs
  incoming personnel and doctors to location of
  Code 4 incident.
• 5. One nurse or lab technician from each
  department is to come to Code 4 scene. These
  personnel are designated and if not present would
  be replaced by other nurses and/or lab personnel
  in department.
• 6. Code 4 physicians are designated as any
  physician in the clinic at time of Code 4. There
  should be at least 2 physicians available for
  each half-day session. Also, any physician in
  department where Code 4 occurs, if in, is to be
  present. They will be notified by personnel in
  department.

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WHAT IS A CODE 4?

• 7. Identical crash carts are located in each
  department for a Code 4 situation.
• If your crash cart does not have a
  defibrillator, designate a department which does
  and have them transport their defibrillator to
  your department in the event of a Code 4
  situation.
• The following departments have defibrillatorsGen
  eral Surgery/Cardiac-Thoracic, Orthopaedic, Head
  and Neck.

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WHAT IS A CODE 4?

• 8. If a Code 4 situation occurs in an area
  without a crash cart
• On the second floor, Head and Neck should bring
  their crash cart in response to the Code.
• In Medical Records or the Lab,  General
  Surgery/Cardiac-Thoracic should bring their crash
  cart in response to the Code.

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WHAT IS A CODE 4?

• 9. Business office receptionist, after directing
  Code 4 respondents to Code 4 scene are to locate
  and direct incoming ambulance/rescue to Code 4
  scene.
• 10. Personnel in other departments, upon hearing
  Code 4 announcement are to immediately notify
  designated Code 4 personnel and physicians in the
  clinic that day of occurring Code 4 and location.
  

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WHAT IS A CODE 4?

• 11. The Code 4 response team should designate a
  Team Leader (the most qualified person at the
  scene) and a Recorder (a person who records all
  events on paper).
• 12. After Code 4 incident is resolved, those
  designated personnel involved will fill out the
  appropriate forms and forward to the Human
  Resources Department.

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WHAT IS A CODE 4?

• Code 4 Designated Response Teams
• These employees are responsible for responding to
  a Code 4 emergency situation. The primary
  employee should always respond first. If the
  primary employee is not available, the back-up
  employee should respond. If neither are
  available, the next most qualified employee in
  the department should respond.NOTE This list is
  subject to change at any time. You will be
  informed from time to time of any changes.

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CODE 4 RESPONSE TEAMS

• General Surgery  
• Teresa Ussery, Primary
• Heather McInnis, Back-up
• Urology Department
• Jamie Wesner, Primary
• Amanda Dorset, Backup
• Lab
• Risa McCaskill, Primary
• Denise Williams, Backup

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CODE 4 RESPONSE TEAMS

• Head and Neck
• Melinda McKay, Primary
• Paula Fields, Backup
• Orthopedics
• Debbie Marks, Primary
• BJ Goodridge, Backup
• OB-GYN
• Susan McBrayer, Primary
• Carol Mark, Backup

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CODE 4 RESPONSE TEAMS

• Neurosurgery
• Jennifer McKay, Primary
• Cardio-Thoracic 
• Michelle Steen, Primary
• Vascular
• Kim Ussery, Primary

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Hazard Communication Standard The Right to Know

• The Right to Know Law requires that employees be
  protected from occupational exposure to hazardous
  chemicals
• The Hazard Communication Standard involves
  anyone who comes into contact with hazardous
  chemicals
• The standard covers MSDS, Labels/Labeling,
  Written HAZCOM Policy, and Employee Information
  and Training

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MSDS

• Manufacturers prepare a Material Safety Data
  Sheet (MSDS) for each hazardous product they
  make.
• Purchasing Department is responsible to obtain a
  copy of the MSDS for each product we buy.
• All MSDS information is kept online in our MSDS
  database. This database will also contain a
  Summary Hazardous Chemical Substance List.
• As new products/chemicals are ordered, the
  departments must review the MSDS, be familiar
  with the risks associated with the chemicals, use
  the appropriate PPE and be prepared to handle
  emergency actions in the event of a chemical
  spill.

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MSDS

• MSDS Information includes
• Chemical Identification The introductory
  section includes chemical manufacturers name,
  address and emergency phone number, the chemical
  name, trade name, and chemical formula.
• Hazardous ingredients Section lists hazardous
  ingredients.
• Physical Data lists important physical
  properties of the chemical, like boiling point,
  vapor density, percent volatile, appearance and
  odor, etc.
• Fire and Explosion Data The section determines
  the flash point, which is the temperature at
  which a chemical will release enough flammable
  vapor to ignite.
• Health Hazard Data describes health effects
  associated with being overexposed to the chemical
  through ingestion, inhalation, and skin or eye
  contact.
• Reactivity Data this information helps you
  determine if the chemical will react with other
  chemicals or conditions that may cause explosion,
  burns, or release of toxic substances under
  certain conditions.

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MSDS

• MSDS Information includes
• Spill or leak procedures outlines procedures to
  follow when a chemical is accidentally released
  or spilled. It will also cover cleanup and
  protective equipment needed to contain the spill
  and proper disposal.
• Special protection information this is a
  listing of special protective equipment that is
  recommended when working with this chemical, like
  gloves, goggles, respirators, etc.
• Special precautions discusses any additional
  special precautions to be taken when handling and
  storing the chemical.

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Labeling of Containers

• Identity of hazardous chemicals-Aloe Guard,
  Isopropyl Alcohol, etc.
• Appropriate hazard warnings- Caution, Danger,
  harmful if inhaled, Eye Irritant, etc
• Name and address of manufacturer
• The original container should be properly
  labeled upon receipt from the manufacturer.
• Chemicals which are not in the original
  container require labels containing the products
  brand name, chemical name, manufacturers name and
  phone number, and hazard warning to include
  target organs.

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Spill Clean-Up

• Each Department has a BIOHAZARD AND CHEMICAL
  SPILL KIT.
• Kit Contents
• LATEX GLOVES
• DISPOSABLE SURGICAL GOWN DISPOSABLE SHOE COVERS
• EYE PROTECTION PAPER TOWELS
• CAT LITTER/ABSORBENT MATERIAL SHOVEL
• WHITE PLASTIC BAG ANTISEPTIC HAND
  TOILETTE RED BIOHAZARD BAG
• ALWAYS refer to the MSDS for specific clean-up
  procedures for that chemical agent.

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Infectious Waste Disposal

• ALL REGULATED infectious waste must be placed in
  a RED BIOHAZARD bag/container. These should be
  located in each exam room or procedure room.
• Contaminated needles and other sharps must be
  placed in appropriately labeled, red leak proof
  containers immediately after use.
• Once these containers are ¾ full, they are to be
  taken to the lab department. These containers are
  then placed in a larger box for disposal and
  secured in the designated pick up area outside of
  the central lab facility. BFI is a contracted
  company that will pick these items up for
  disposal.
• These same procedures should be utilized at our
  satellite facilities as well.

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Infectious Waste Disposal

• ALL NON-REGULATED WASTE can be placed in a
  regular waste bag or other white bags that may be
  marked with the biohazard symbol which indicates
  medical waste. These items will go to the
  landfill for disposal.

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Bloodborne PathogensModes of Transmission

• Sexual Contact
• Mucous membrane exposure
• Transfusion with infected blood
• Infected mother to her infant during pregnancy or
  at the time of birth (HIV)
• Contaminated instruments (HBV/HCV).

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Personal Protective Equipment

• PSC provides all PPE for employees. This
  includes gloves, mask, eye/face protection,
  gowns, aprons, lab coats, surgical caps and
  hoods, shoe covers and boots.

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HIV Facts

• 1/300 Americans is infected with HIV
• Eighth leading cause of death in U.S.
• Annual Death rate for AIDS is 1 Million worldwide.

• Adolescent AIDS cases increased 260 in the past
  two years.
• 55 of all AIDS cases are reported from five
  states NY, California, Florida, New Jersey, and
  Texas.

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HIV - Symptoms

• FATIGUE
• FEVER
• SKIN LESIONS
• WEIGHT LOSS
• SWOLLEN LYMPH GLANDS (NECK, UNDERARM, GROIN)

• NIGHT SWEATS
• MOUTH SORES
• DECREASED APPETITE
• DIARRHEA
• NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENTS

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Hepatitis B Facts for Healthcare Workers

• Hepatitis B infection is the major infectious
  occupational hazard to healthcare workers.
• Hepatitis B is a viral infection causing
  inflammation of the liver. Similar symptoms can
  be caused by a number of other viruses,
  medications, and chemicals. Hepatitis B can be
  found in virtually all body fluids and secretions
• Annually, it is estimated that 300,000 cases of
  HBV infections occur 10,000 hospitalizations, and
  250 deaths.
• Without pre-or post-exposure prophylaxis, 6-30
  of non-immune healthcare workers who sustain an
  exposure from an infectious source develop
  hepatitis B infection.

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Hepatitis B - Symptoms

• ANOREXIA
• MALAISE
• NAUSEA
• VOMITING
• ABDOMINAL DISCOMFORT
• JAUNDICE

• RASH
• MILD FEVER
• CIRRHOSIS
• LIVER CANCER

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Hepatitis B Vaccination
The hepatitis B vaccine is made available to all
employees who have occupational exposure. This
vaccination is available at no cost to the
employee. Each employee will receive training
and if necessary initial vaccination within 10
working days of hire or job change.
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Hepatitis B

• The vaccine is not available for employees who
• Have been previously vaccinated.
• Known immunity according to antibody testing
• Hypersensitivity to yeast, receiving
  hemodialysis, immunosuppressed
• Each employee must receive a physicians approval
  to begin immunization.
• Pregnant or lactating women (need written consent
  from physician)
• No other prescreening is required.

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Hepatitis C

• Hepatitis C was formerly known as Non A- non B
  hepatitis and was traditionally
  transfusion-associated. But it now affects
  healthcare workers and drug needle users. It is
  also a virus that causes inflammation of the
  liver. Hepatitis C is transmitted in the same
  manner as Hepatitis B. It also manifests similar
  symptoms as HBV.

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Hepatitis C Facts

• 60 of all persons infected with the hepatitis C
  virus develop chronic hepatitis.
• No immunization exists against HCV, and there is
  no cure.
• Information regarding the transmission of
  hepatitis C is still being compiled.
• NC Bloodborne Pathogen Policy, JAN 95

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Tuberculosis

• Tuberculosis, TB, is a disease caused by bacteria
  called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria
  can attack any part of your body, but usually
  attack the lungs.
• TB is spread through the air from one person to
  another. The bacteria are put into the air when
  a person with TB sneezes or throat coughs.
  People near by may breathe in these bacteria and
  become infected.
• The clinic performs TB testing prior to
  employment and annually thereafter for all
  employees.

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TB Symptoms

• A bad cough that lasts longer than two weeks
• Pain in chest
• Coughing up blood or sputum
• Weakness or fatigue
• Weight Loss
• No appetite
• Chills, Fever, Night Sweats

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BCG Vaccination

• BCG (Bacillus of Calmette and Guerin) is a
  vaccine for controlling TB. This vaccine is not
  widely used in the U.S., but is often given to
  infants and small children in countries where TB
  is common. BCG DOES NOT ALWAYS PROTECT PEOPLE
  FROM TB.

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Exposure Control

• EXPOSURE DETERMINATION is conducted upon hire
  and annually for all staff to determine if job
  related tasks and procedures place an employee at
  risk (high, medium or low risk) to exposure to
  HBV and HIV .
• Examples of job related tasks evaluated
• Injections and immunizations, Handling
  contaminated sharps
• Lab tests on body fluids, Invasive procedures
• Vaginal exams and procedures
• Starting IVs, Phlebotomy
• Minor surgical procedures, Cleaning up body fluid
  spills
• Dressing changes and wound care
• Handling contaminated laundry or containers of
  infectious waste

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Exposure Incident

• An exposure incident occurs when a patients
  body fluids may have gained entry into an
  employee. Should this occur, the employee must
  quickly follow these procedures
• Wash the exposed area with soap and running water
  and stimulate blood flow.
• Notify your Supervisor immediately
• Complete the Employee Exposure to Potentially
  Infectious Human Blood and Body Fluid Form. This
  form will lead you through all protocol steps and
  is available on the Intranet.

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ERGONOMICS
A MULTI-DISCIPLINARY ACTIVITY DEALING WITH THE
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN PEOPLE AND THEIR TOTAL
WORKING ENVIRONMENT PLUS SUCH TRADITIONAL AND
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AS ATMOSPHERE, HEAT, LIGHT
AND SUN, AS WELL AS TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT OF THE
WORKPLACE.
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GOALS OF ERGONOMICS

• AMPLIFY HUMAN CAPABILITIES
• UTILIZE HUMAN ABILITIES
• FACILITATE HUMAN EFFICIENCY
• AVOID OVERLOADING OR UNDERLOADING
• MAKE THE WORKPLACE USER FRIENDLY

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WHAT ERGONOMICS IS NOT!

• IT IS NOT JUST USING A CHECKLIST AND GUIDELINES
• NOT USING ONESELF AS THE DESIGN
• DOES NOT APPLY TO THE ENTIRE WORKPLACE. IT IS
  JOB SPECIFIC
• NOT JUST COMMON SENSE

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Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Signs and
Symptoms

• Signs are documented, objective physical findings
  that an employee may be developing an MSD.
  Examples of signs include
• decreased range of motion
• deformity
• decreased grip strength
• loss of function

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MSD Signs and Symptoms

• Examples of symptoms include
• numbness
• burning
• pain
• tingling
• cramping
• stiffness

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Workplace Organization

• Make sure that you organize your work area
• Have sufficient desk area which allows you to
  position your keyboard, mouse, display, document
  holder and other items (such as a telephone) in
  the way that works best for you.
• Organize your desk to reflect the way you use
  work materials and equipment. Place the things
  that you use most regularly, such as a mouse or
  telephone, within the easiest reach.
• Vary your tasks and take periodic breaks. This
  helps to reduce the possibility of discomfort or
  fatigue.

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Eyes, Head and Neck

• Viewing the monitor with a straight neck and
  head posture reduces the risk of neck discomfort.
• Positioning papers adjacent to the monitor, or
  directly in front of or below the monitor,
  improves head posture and reduces neck pain.
• It will also improve the readability of the copy
  and reduce eyestrain.

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Eyes, Head and Neck

• The proper viewing distance to the monitor is
  determined by many factors.
• Some of the factors are character size and
  contrast of characters, and your own visual
  needs.
• It is recommended that you be a minimum of 20"
  away from your monitor. If the size of your
  monitor is more than 17" diagonally, the distance
  may be increased, even to 30" (50-75 cm) or more.
  
• For flat screen displays (portable computers),
  you may need to be closer.

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Eyes, Head and Neck

• Move your monitor directly behind your keyboard.
  
• With your monitor turned off, face your computer
  and sit as you typically sit when you are working
  on the computer.
• Close your eyes.

• Position your head in its most "natural" posture
  (your muscles should be as relaxed as possible).
  You may want to move your head around to find
  this position.
• Open your eyes.
• Identify the place on your monitor that you see
  first. This should be approximately 2" from the
  top of your display area (not the top of the
  monitor).

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The Keyboard

• Comfortable use depends on keyboard height, arm
  position and touch. You are seated correctly if
• The keyboard is positioned so that your arms are
  relaxed and comfortable, and your forearms are
  roughly horizontal.
• Your shoulders are in a relaxed position, not
  hunched up.
• Place the mouse close to the keyboard so that
  you can use it without stretching or leaning over
  to one side.

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The Keyboard

• Your wrists should be extended straight, not
  bent up or down uncomfortably.
• If you use a wrist/palm rest, it should NOT be
  used while actually keying but in between periods
  of keying.
• Your hands should glide over the keys. Hands
  remaining in a fixed position cause fingers to
  over-reach for the keys. Use a light touch for
  keying, keeping your hands and fingers relaxed.

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Eyes, Head and Neck

• Cradling the phone between your head and
  shoulder contributes to neck and shoulder
  discomfort.
• If you infrequently cradle the phone between
  your head and shoulder, consider attaching a
  phone hand cradle.
• If you frequently cradle the phone between your
  head and shoulder, consider obtaining a phone
  head set. There are many styles available.

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The Chair

• The chair is one of the most important items in
  your workplace. It can encourage good posture and
  circulation and so help you to avoid discomfort.
  Select a chair that is comfortable for you it
  should be adjustable and provide good back
  support. You should adjust your chair so that
• Your thighs are horizontal and there is support
  for your lower back. If your chair has
  insufficient adjustment, lower back support may
  be improved with a cushion.

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The Chair
Your feet rest flat on the floor when you are
seated and using your keyboard. If you cannot do
this, your chair is probably too high and you
should use a footrest. You should change your
sitting position occasionally during the work
day. Sitting in a fixed position for too long can
induce discomfort.
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Lower Extremities

• If you don't have enough space for your legs,
  feet and thighs, you have to twist your body to
  work. This can be uncomfortable to your legs,
  back and arms.
• An adjustable keyboard tray may provide more
  thigh clearance.
• Lower your chair.
• Raise your work surface.
• Clear out materials, wires, equipment, and
  papers stored within your leg space.
• Move your computer away from credenzas or other
  inhibiting furniture to an area with sufficient
  leg clearance.

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Lower Extremities

• While you are seated, good lumbar support to the
  small of your back increases comfort and reduces
  fatigue in your entire body.
• If possible, adjust the back of your chair to
  reposition the lumbar area to better fit your
  lower back.
• Use a lumbar support (cushion or pillow).
• Try another chair.

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Back Injury Prevention
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Our Knack for Bad Backs

• It is estimated that 8 out of 10 Americans will
  have a back problem at some time in their lives.
• Back pain is one of the most common health
  problems affecting working people in the U.S.
• It affects people of all ages and in all
  occupations-those whose jobs require heavy
  physical labor and those whose jobs keep them
  seated for most of the day.

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Back Injury Prevention

• Causes of Back Strain
• The way you perform your tasks, and the way you
  treat your back and yourself.
• It is when a person is tired and careless that
  strains can occur.
• Remember to slow down and ask for assistance if
  you need to lift things that are too heavy for
  you too handle.
• Anytime you intend to take on a job that you are
  not accustomed to, or begin a new job requiring
  more use of your back, you must train yourself to
  meet the new exertion.

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Back Injury Prevention

• Are you at risk?
• You are most at risk for back pain if
• Your job requires frequent bending and lifting
• You must twist your body when lifting and
  carrying an object
• You must lift and carry in a hurry
• You are overweight
• You do not exercise regularly or do not engage in
  recreational activities
• You smoke

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How to Work Properly and Avoid Strain

• There is a right and a wrong way to do
  everything, even if your job only requires you to
  stand or sit.
• Standing ordinary standing strains the back. To
  remove strain, stand with your hips flexed.
• Sitting Distribute your weight evenly and do not
  be twisted in the chair. Your back should be
  supported by the back of the chair, and your feet
  should be firmly on the floor.

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How to Work Properly and Avoid Strain

• Moving Patients
• To move a patient lying on an exam table to a
  wheelchair, put the wheelchair close to the table
  and lock the wheels.
• If the patient is not strong enough to sit up,
  place one of your arms behind the patients legs
  and place your other arm under the patients
  back.
• Move the patients legs over the edge of the
  table while pivoting his or her body so the
  patient ends up sitting on the edge of the table.
• Keep your feet shoulder-width apart, your knees
  bent and your back in a natural straight position
  as you help the patient sit upright on the table.

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How to Work Properly and Avoid Strain

• Moving Patients
• Standing up
• If the patient needs assistance getting out of a
  chair, face the patient, spread your feet
  shoulder-width apart, and bend your knees.
• Position the persons feet firmly on the floor
  and slightly apart.
• The persons hands should be on the bed or
  armchair or on your shoulders.
• Place your arms around the persons back and
  clasp your hands together or use a transfer belt
  which fits around the persons waist and provides
  a secure handhold.
• Hold the person close to you, lean back, and
  shift your weight as you lift the person to an
  upright position.

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How to Work Properly and Avoid Strain

• Moving Patients
• Sitting Down
• Pivot toward the chair, bend your knees, and
  lower the person into the chair. The person
  should have both hands on the arms of the chair
  before you lower him/her down.
• Caring
• Caregivers who assist seated or reclining persons
  for long periods of time should stand with their
  knees bent and their back in a natural straight
  position. Dont bend at your waist.

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What to do In Case of Injury

• If your back catches or has a sudden, painful
  muscle spasm at work, you can
• Relieve the pain by assuming a squatting
  position.
• Sitting on a chair or bench and leaning forward
  for a short time can also be beneficial.
• Lying down and supporting your legs on a chair or
  bench for a time can also help. Be sure to relax
  and do this for 20-30 minutes.
• Ice packs help reduce the initial pain and
  swelling.
• Most back pain disappears in a few days.