ENDANGERED EUROPEAN LANGUAGES

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ENDANGERED EUROPEAN LANGUAGES
Saša Pagon Vesna Taljat Bojana Veršic
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EUSKARA, THE LANGUAGE OF THE BASQUE PEOPLE

• it is not an Indoeuropean language ? shows no
  resemblance to languages in neighbouring
  countries
• WHERE DOES THE LANGUAGE COME FROM?
• could be related to languages from the Caucasus ?
  similarities with the Georgian language
• related to a non-Arabic languages from the north
  of Africa
• developed "in situ", in the land of the primitive
  Basques.

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• very old language
• the Basque language has taken up words from
  Latin, Castilian, French, Celtic and Arabic
• some words in the Castilian,French and English
  come from the Basque language
• rural communities have kept the language alive

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• before Roman times the Basque language was spoken
  in an area larger than the present one
• nowadays more than 600,000 people speak Basque in
  the seven historic Basque provinces Lapurdi,
  Zuberoa and Behenafarroa (in France), and
  Gipuzkoa, Bizcaia, Araba and Navarre (in Spain)
• there are 520,000 Basque speaking people in the
  Basque provinces in Spain, that is 25 of their
  total population.

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• Things have not been easy for the Basque
  language
• - competition with two powerful neighbouring
  languages Castilian and French
• Basque was a forbidden language during the
  dictatorship
• children had to study in an unfamiliar language
  and were punished when they spoke in Basque
• "ikastolas" an important movement to open up
  Basque schools

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SPANISH.......... BASQUE.............ENGLISH Por
favor...........Mesedez................ Please
Perdón!............Barkatu!...................Sor
ry! Gracias....Mila esker, eskerrik
asko....Thank you Qué tal?.........Zer
moduz?.......... How are you? Buenos
días.........Egun on............ Good morning
Komuna...............WC.......................Toi
lets Zinema................Cine
.................. Cinema

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• EUROPEAN LANGUAGES ARE DIVIDED
• INTO SIX CATEGORIES
• 1. extinct languages other than ancient ones
• 2. nearly extinct languages
• 3. seriously endangered language
• 4. endangered language
• 5. potentially endangered language
• 6. not endangered language

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Extinct languages

• 1.  Kemi Sámi
• 2.  Southern Mansi
• 3.  Polabian
• 4.  Slovincian
• 5.  (Old) Prussian
• 6.  Norn
• 7.  Gothic
• 8.  Manx Gaelic
• 9.  Cornish
• 10. Mozarabic
• 11. Shuadit (Judeo-Provençal)
• 12. Zarphatic (Judeo-French)
• 13. Dalmatian

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Nearly extinct languages

• 1.   Ume Sámi
• 2.   Pite Sámi
• 3.   Akkala Sámi
• 4.   Ter Sámi
• 5.   Livonian
• 6.    Votian
• 7.    Italkian (Judeo-Italian)
• 8.    Yevanic (Judeo-Greek)
• 9. Krimchak (Judeo-Crimean Tatar)

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Seriously endangered languages

• 1.   South Sámi
• 2.   Lule Sámi
• 3.   Inari Sámi
• 4.   Skolt Sámi
• 5.   Kildin Sámi
• 6.   Ingrian
• 7.   Ludian
• 8.   Vepsian
• 9.  Western Mari
• 10.  Kashubian (proper) Molise Croatian
• 11.  Eastern Frisian
• 12.  Northern Frisian
• 13.  Yiddish (Judeo-German)
• 14.  Breton
•  

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• 14.    Leonese
• 15.    Ladino (Judeo-Spanish)
• 16.    Languedocien
• 17.    Auvergnat
• 18.    Limousin Channel, Island French
  19.    Istriot
• 20.    Istro-Romanian
• 21.    Meglenitic Arvanitika, Albanian
  22.    Tsakonian Italiot Greek, Pontic Greek
  23.    Karaim
• 24.    Crimean Tatar
• 25.    Cypriot Arabic

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CONCLUSION

• UNO A UNO, TODOS SOMOS MORTALES, JUNTOS SOMOS
  ETERNOS.
• AS INDIVIDUALS, WE ARE MORTAL, BUT TOGETHER WE
  MAKE ETERNITY.