Israel%20and%20the%20Rise%20of%20Palestinian%20Identity

1
Israel and the Rise of Palestinian Identity

• West Bank, Gaza Strip and the PLO

2
From enlightened occupation to the Intifada

• Territories captured by Israel in 1967 were
  considered bargaining chips for future peace
  talks.
• Jordanian law and administration were the formal
  civil authorities in the West Bank, and a policy
  of Open Bridges was adopted.
• During the first 20 years economic growth was
  400, due to the connection with Israel
  (especially the labor market).
• Until 1987, insurgencies were limited.
• The second generation led a series of violent
  demonstrations and popular riots known later as
  the Intifada (uprising).

3
The PLO from the Arab states tool to an
independent force

• Established in 1964 by the Arab League, the
  Palestine Liberation Organization served as a
  tool against Israel, without any demand for
  sovereignty over the West Bank and the Gaza
  Strip.
• After 1967, the young leader of one of the
  Guerrilla groups, Yasser Arafat from Fatah,
  advocated for freedom of action for the PLO, and
  the armed struggle against Israel.
• Jordan served as the base for Fatahs activities
  until the Organization was expelled by Jordan
  9/1970 (Black September) and moved to Lebanon.

4
The PLO in Lebanon A mini state

• Lebanon a country divided among different
  groups, with many Palestinian refugee camps.
• By 1974 the PLO was recognized by Arab countries
  as the only representative of the Palestinian
  people.
• The PLO and the Palestinian struggle gain
  worldwide recognition when Yasser Arafat speaks
  before the UN General Assembly (1974).
• The PLO takes over the southern part of the
  divided country. Creates a State within a
  State, with impressive armed forces.
• Lebanon serves as a base to launch attacks and
  missiles against Israel.

5
Israel-Lebanon first war 1982

• Owing to continual terrorist raids by PLO
  guerrillas Israel starts operation Peace for the
  Galilee.
• Israel wins the battle against Palestinian and
  Syrian forces. PLO forces and headquarters leave
  Lebanon for Tunisia. Israeli Lebanese allies, the
  Phalanges, take power.
• After the assassination of Bachir Gemayel (the
  leader of the Maronites and the elected
  president) Phalanges forces carry out a massacre
  in Sabra and Shatila, two Palestinian refugee
  camps. Israel is held responsible.
• Internal dispute in Israel due to the war.
  Security Minister, Ariel Sharon, is forced to
  resign.
• Israel becomes involved in Lebanese sectarian war
  and withdraws to a security zone in 1985.
• After clashes with a Shiite militia Hezbollah-
  Israel withdraws from the security zone (2000).

6
Israel and Lebanon second war - 2006

• Hezbollah had created a State within a State,
  armed by Shiite Iran. In the same time Hezbollah
  functioned as a party in Lebanese politics and
  take part in the government.
• The tension between Israel and Hezbollah develop
  to a war in 2006 around the kidnapping of Israeli
  soldiers.
• After a month of fighting, the UN called for an
  Israeli withdrawal and disarming of the
  Hezbollah.
• As of summer 2007, The Hezbollah is not showing
  its arms publicly, but the organization was not
  disarmed . The Hezbollah do not give any
  information about the captive soldiers.

7
From the Intifada to Agreement and Back

• The Palestinian uprising in the West Bank and
  Gaza strip, and terrorist attacks carried out by
  militant groups, continue for several years
  (1987- 1991, 1993).
• King Hussein of Jordan severs Jordanian
  connection with the West Bank (1988).
• The PLO recognizes the Partition Resolution
  (1988).
• Talks with local leaders fail, and secret
  negotiations in Norway lead to mutual recognition
  between Israel and the PLO The Oslo Agreement
  (1993).
• The PLO undertakes to stop all violence. Israel
  withdraws from almost all the Gaza strip and from
  Palestinian cities and villages in the West Bank
  (Oslo B 1995). The Palestinian Authority is
  created (1994).
• Failure of negotiations about the End of
  Conflict (Camp David 2), lead to the resumption
  of violence The Second Intifada (2000).