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REPRODUCING PLANTS

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... the seed. Hilum - Where the seed was attached in the pod. ... Fruit develops as a pod or in a hull; beans, peas, peanuts and cotton are examples of dry fruit. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: REPRODUCING PLANTS


1
REPRODUCING PLANTS
  • CHAPTER 8
  • AGRISCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Modified by Georgia Agricultural Education
Curriculum Office
July, 2002
2
TYPES OF PLANT REPRODUCTION
  • SEXUAL REPRODUCTION - Involves using seed to
    propagate plants. Flowers are important because
    they contain the reproductive organs.
  • ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION - Involves reproducing
    plants by using vegetative parts of the plant.
    Results in clones (genetically like their
    parents).

3
KINDS OF SEED
  • MONOCOT - Plants having seed with one seed leaf,
    known as a cotyledon. Examples are corn, wheat,
    rice and all grasses.
  • DICOT - Plants that have seed with two cotyledon.
    Examples are tomatoes, beans, petunias and
    carnations.

4
PARTS OF A BEAN SEED
  • EXTERNAL
  • Seed coat - Outer covering of the seed
  • Hilum - Where the seed was attached in the pod.
  • Micropyle - Tiny opening near the seed scar where
    the pollen entered the ovule to form the seed.

5
PARTS OF A BEAN SEED
  • INTERNAL
  • Cotyledons - Bean seed has two contain food for
    the embro.
  • Radicle - Becomes the root system of the plant.
  • Hypocotyl - Connects the radicle and the
    cotyledons.
  • Epicotyl - Forms the stem of the plant.
  • Plumule - Develops the above-ground part of the
    plant (embryonic leaves).

6
PARTS OF A MONOCOT SEED CORN
  • EXTERNAL
  • Seed coat - Protects the embryo.
  • Seed scar - Where the corn grain was attached to
    the cob.
  • Silk scar - Opposite side of the grain from the
    seed scar.

7
PARTS OF A MONOCOT SEED CORN
  • INTERNAL
  • Endosperm - Where the food is stored for the
    embyo.
  • Radicle - Becomes the root system.
  • Hypocotyl - Connects the radicle with the food
    source.
  • Epicotyl - Forms the stem.
  • Cotyledon - Does not store food absorbs food
    from the endosperm.
  • Plumule - Develops into leaves.

8
PARTS OF A COMPLETE FLOWER
  • Sepals - Outer part of the flower covers the bud
    and protects it as it develops.
  • Petals - Located just inside the sepals attract
    insects which help with the fertilization
    process.
  • Stamens - Male part of the flower contains an
    anther that produces pollen, or sperm.
  • Pistil - Female part of the flower contains the
    stigma

9
FLOWERS
  • PERFECT FLOWERS - Contain the stamen and pistil
    in the same flower.
  • IMPERFECT FLOWERS - Flowers that lack either the
    stamen or pistil.
  • Exception Monoecious plants may have both male
    and female imperfect flowers on them. Corn is an
    example.

10
POLLINATION
  • Transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma of
    a flower of the same species.
  • Pollen may be moved by wind, insects, birds and
    other natural means.
  • Cross-pollination - When two different plants are
    involved.
  • Self-pollination - Involves flowers on the same
    plant.

11
TYPES OF FRUIT
  • FLESHY FRUIT - Have large fibrous structures
    surrounding the seed apples, pears,
    blackberries, oranges and grapes are examples.
  • DRY FRUIT - Fruit develops as a pod or in a hull
    beans, peas, peanuts and cotton are examples of
    dry fruit. Pecans, acorns, corn, oats, wheat, elm
    trees are examples of hulls.

12
GERMINATION TESTING
  • When a number of seeds sprout out of a set amount
    is called a germination test.
  • Helps in determining the number of seeds to
    plant.
  • Soil is the most widely growing medium however
    greenhouses usually use artificial media.

13
CONDITIONS FOR SEED GERMINATION
  • MUST HAVE THE FOLLOWING
  • MOISTURE
  • TEMPERATURE
  • OXYGEN

14
BENEFITS OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
  • True traits of parents - Assures that the new
    plant is identical to its parents.
  • No seed - Some plants do not produce seed an
    example is seedless grapes.

15
EXAMPLES OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION USING BELOW
GROUND PARTS
  • Potatoes are cut into sections with buds (eyes)
    and planted.
  • Bulbs or corms are planted multiply and new
    bulbs are pulled apart and planted separately.

16
METHODS OF ABOVE GROUND PROPAGATION
  • LAYERING - Involves getting roots to grow from
    the stems of plants
  • CUTTING - Involves using a short section of plant
    stem for propagation.
  • BUDDING - Involves taking a bud from one plant
    and moving it to another.
  • GRAFTING - Involves placing a section of the stem
    of one plant onto another plant.

17
QUALITIES OF GOOD SEED
  • Purity - Contains only seed intended.
  • Contamination - Free of trash
  • Percent germination - Should be 90-100
  • Uniformity - Same size and shape
  • Damage - Seed coats should not be cracked
  • Free of disease - Healthy
  • Treatment - Treated to prevent disease
  • Reputation of grower and dealer
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