APAG Ch'5 Assignment 2 Pages 152

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APAG Ch.5 Assignment 2Pages 152-
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• 1. What is de facto segregation? De jure
  segregation? What was the solution?

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• De Facto Segregation is racial segregation that
  occurs because of past social and economic
  conditions and residential patterns.
• De Jure Segregation is racial segregation that
  occurs because of laws or administrative
  decisions by public agencies.

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• The solution was busingtransporting some African
  American schoolchildren to white schools and some
  white schoolchildren to African American schools.

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• 2. Where in the north did you find violent
  reaction to busing?

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• South Bostonwhere African American students were
  bused into blue-collar Irish Catholic
  neighborhoods.

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• 3. By the mid-1970s, what percentage of African
  Americans opposed busing? Whites?

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• 50 of African Americans opposed busing.
• ¾ of whites opposed busing.

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• What did the Court rule in
• A) Reddick v. Sch. Bd. Of City of Norfolk
• B) Board of Educ. v. Dowell (1991)
• C) Freeman v. Pitts (1992)
• D) Missouri v. Jenkins (1995)

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• The Norfolk case allowed the city to end 15 years
  of court-ordered busing of elementary
  schoolchildren.
• In the Dowell case, the Supreme Court instructed
  a lower court administering a desegregation
  decree that if school racial concentration was a
  product of residential segregation that resulted
  from private decision making and economics, its
  effects may be ignored entirely.

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• In the Pitts case, the Supreme Court also
  stressed the importance of local control over
  the education of children.
• In the Jenkins case, the Court ruled that the
  state of Missouri could stop spending money to
  attract a multiracial student body in urban
  school districts through major educational
  improvements.

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• 5. What happened to forced integration by 2000?

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• By the early 2000s, the federal courts had
  become increasingly unwilling to uphold
  race-conscious policies designed to further
  school integration and diversity.

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• 6. Had forced integration helped African
  American children improve educational resources
  and achievement?

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• NO. Whites have fled the cities to the suburbs
  leaving one out of every three minorities
  attending schools with 90 minority enrollment.

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• 7. What goal replaced that of the Brown case?
  What is the better indicator of poor academic
  achievement than race?

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• The goal of better-educated children, even if
  that means educating them in schools in which the
  students are of the same race or in which race is
  not considered.
• Poverty is a better indicator of poor academic
  achievement than race.

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• 8. Describe the issue that began the era of
  civil rights protest.

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• Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a city
  bus for a white man in Montgomery, Alabama and
  went to jail for it.

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• 9. What organization did Dr. Martin Luther King
  form in 1957? Where did he get his philosophy of
  non-violent protest?

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• King formed the Southern Christian Leadership
  Conference.
• He got his philosophy of non-violent protest from
  Mahatma Gandhi.

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• 10. Where and when was one of the most
  violence-plagued protests? What happened? What
  law was passed as a result?

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• It occurred in Birmingham, Alabama, in the spring
  of 1963, when Police Commissioner Eugene Bull
  Connor unleashed police dogs and used electric
  cattle prods against protesters who were
  provoking a reaction by local officials so that
  the federal government would act.
• The result of the media event was the passage of
  the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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• 11. What happened 18 days after Kings march on
  Washington and his most famous speech?

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• Four African American girls were killed in a
  terrorist bomb explosion.

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• 12. Describe the African American leaders and
  opposition to Kings movement.

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• 12. Malcolm X was more interested in a violent
  responses.

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• 13. How effective were the Civil Rights Acts of
  1957 and 1960?

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• They had very little impact.

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• 14. What was forbidden under the Civil Rights
  Act of 1964?

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• It forbade discrimination on the basis of race,
  color, religion, gender, and national origin.

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• 15. How did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 get
  passed?

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• People became angry at the violence against
  African Americans shown on television. The
  assassination of Pres. Kennedy moved the national
  conscience and helped motivate votes in favor.

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• 16. What was banned under Title VII and created
  by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

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• 16. Discrimination in employment based on race,
  color, religion, gender, or national origin. The
  EEOC was created.

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• 17. What were the 2 provisions of the Voting
  Rights Act of 1965?

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• First was the outlawing of discriminatory
  voter-registration tests. Second was the
  authorizing of federal registration of persons
  and federally administered voting procedures in
  any political subdivision or stat that
  discriminated electorally against a particular
  group.

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• 18. Describe briefly examples of progress that
  African Americans have made since the Civil
  Rights movement of the 1960s.

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• 18. All African Americans have the right to
  vote. Many are elected officials. Many have
  entered college for the first time. Many are
  employed in positions they would never have had
  before.

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• 19. How has the Civil Rights movement impacted
  other minorities. Give some examples.

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• 19. Hispanics, Asians, Native Americans and
  Native Alaskans have benefited by the civil
  rights movement with bilingual ballots and
  education. These same minorities have increased
  participation in the political process.

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• 20. Collectively, minorities outnumber white
  Americans in which states today? What other
  states will be added to this list by 2010?

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• 20. California, Hawaii, and New Mexico. By 2010,
  Texas and new will be added to this list.

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• 21. What are the lingering social and economic
  disparities between African Americans and White
  Americans?

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• 21. Economic and social disparities still exists
  today. Minorities remain behind whites when it
  comes to education and income. Media
  stereotyping, racial profiling, and other
  problems are affecting the minorities of our
  society.

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• 22. How has immigration rates changed in recent
  years? Where has the majority of immigrants come
  from since 1977?

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• 22. Those who were born on foreign soil now
  constitute nearly 10 percent of the U.S.
  populationtwice the percentage of thirty years
  ago. Since 1977, four of five immigrants have
  come from Latin America or Asia.

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• What will happen to the old guard by 2050? How
  will that impact racial classifications?

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• 23. The old guard (white majority) will
  disappear. Coalitions of minorities will join
  and make political and economic changes. Racial
  classification will become difficult because of
  the blending of the races.

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• 24. How did 9/11 affect immigration attitudes in
  this country? Are our doors to easily opened for
  terrorists to enter?

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• 24. 9/11 has made it more difficult for legal
  immigrants to enter this country. Yes, it is
  still easy for terrorists to enter this country.
  We have oceans on both sides of the mainland and
  miles of open borders.