Human Disease

1
Human Disease Prevention
2
What is Disease?

• A disease is anything infectious (spreading from
  one organism to another) or noninfectious (does
  not spread from one organism to another) that
  changes or disrupts normal cell function.

3
History of Disease (Ancient Civilizations
Theories of Disease Causation)

• Egyptian Medicine
• The early Egyptians (4000-1000 B.C.) had many
  remedies for illness. Spells, incantations, and
  magic were integral parts of their medicine.
• Among early races, illness and death were
  attributed to actions of the gods and demonic
  possession.

4
(No Transcript)
5
History of Disease (Ancient Civilizations
Theories of Disease Causation) cont

• Egyptian Medicine cont
• Despite their lack of scientific knowledge, some
  of the treatments they used were effective and
  still used today.
• Egyptians are recognized as the first to treat
  disease systematically.

6
Greece The Teachings of Hippocrates

• Hippocrates believed in the healing power of
  nature and thought that disease developed from
  natural causes.
• Hippocrates prescribed diets, rest, fresh air,
  massage, and baths as treatments.
• Hippocratess approach to disease and research
  were the first steps on the way to the prevention
  and control of disease.

7
The Immune System

• The immune system is a complex protection
  mechanism that functions by protecting the body
  from harmful microorganisms (bacteria, viruses,
  fungi, and parasites) and foreign materials
  (toxins and venoms), while recognizing and
  eliminating foreign pathogens.

8
(No Transcript)
9
Lets Review!

• True Or False
• Americans were the first to systematically treat
  disease.
• Hippocrates is one of the pioneers of disease
  prevention.
• Bacteria can be cured but viruses cannot.
• Define the following word/s
• disease

10
The Immune System (Two Parts)

• Innate
• The bodys first line of defense against disease.
• Skinouter protective barrier
• Macrophages, Natural Killer Cells Neutrophils
  kill infectious agents

• Adaptive
• Second Line of defense
• White blood cells Lymphocytes
• Antibodies formed when there is a pathogen

11
(No Transcript)
12
Two Disease Categories

• Infectious Disease (Chronic Acute)
• Noninfectious Disease (Chronic Acute)

13
What is Infectious Disease?

• A disease caused by organisms that enter the body
  and multiply within the human body.

14
What is Noninfectious Disease?

• Diseases that are not transmitted by means of a
  pathogen (foreign invaders on in the human body).

15
Chronic Acute Disease

• Chronic Disease A disease or health condition
  that lasts longer than three months, sometimes
  for the remainder of one's life.
• Acute Disease A disease or health condition that
  occurs and subsides within three months, usually
  within days or weeks.

16
What Are Some Examples of Chronic Infectious
Diseases?

• HIVvirus that attacks the immune system making
  it difficult to fight disease
• TuberculosisBacterial infection of the lungs.
• MeningitisInflammation of the membranes that
  cover the brain and spinal cord.
• EncephalitisInflammation of the brain
• Poliomyelitis (Polio)caused by a virus of the
  CNS
• Others?

17
What are Some Examples of Acute Infectious
Diseases?

• The cold viruscauses inflammation in the mucous
  membranes lining the nose and throat.
• Influenzaa viral infection of the respiratory
  tract.
• Mononucleosis Known as the kissing disease,
  common in teens its a virus that multiplies in
  the lymphocytes changing lymphocyte appearance.
• Others?

18
What are Some Examples of Chronic Noninfectious
Diseases?

• Diabetes
• Osteoporosis
• Arthritis
• Heart (cardiovascular) Disease
• Cancer
• Hypertension
• Others?

19
What are Some Examples of Acute Noninfectious
Diseases (This is a hard one)?

• Heart Attack
• Stroke
• Cardiac Arrest
• HypoglycemiaToo low blood sugar levels
• HyperglycemiaToo high blood sugar levels
• Others?

20
Lets Review!

• Define the following
• Infectious Disease
• Noninfectious Disease
• Chronic Disease
• Acute Disease
• Acute Infectious Disease
• Name two
• Acute Non Infectious Disease
• Name two
• Chronic Infectious Disease
• Name Two
• Chronic Non Infectious Disease
• Name Two

21
Disease Prevention (infectious and noninfectious)

• Three ways/methods of disease prevention
• Primary Prevention
• Secondary Prevention
• Tertiary Prevention

22
Primary Prevention (infectious disease)

• Primary PreventionPrevention measures before the
  disease happens.
• Methods of Primary Prevention
• Seclusion or avoidancestaying away from infected
  individuals
• Keeping yourself cleanwash hands with
  antibacterial soaps shower
• Get enough rest
• Exercise on a regular basis
• Eat Right

23
Primary Prevention (noninfectious disease)

• Prevention measures before the disease occurs.
• Methods
• Not Smoking or drinking in excess
• Eating right
• Exercise on a regular basis
• Get enough rest
• Stress management (Yoga, Tai Chi, Progressive
  Muscle Relaxation)

24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
(No Transcript)
27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
Secondary Prevention

• Secondary PreventionPreventive measures that
  lead to early diagnosis and prompt treatment of a
  disease or injury to limit disability and prevent
  a more severe disease.
• Methods
• Visit your doctor on a regular basis
• Visit your doctor for regular physicals
• Visit your doc for regular physicals

34
Tertiary Prevention

• Tertiary PreventionMeasures aimed at
  rehabilitation following significant disease.
• Methods
• Medications
• Chemotherapy
• Surgery
• Dialysis

35
ScenariosWhats the Level of prevention?

• Wanda stays at home all day in fear that she will
  catch a disease. She is always in the restroom
  washing her hands and when someone sneezes, she
  runs away like theres no tomorrow. Whats the
  level of prevention?
• If you said primaryyoure right!!!

36
ScenariosWhats the Level of prevention?

• Hector has been diagnosed with mouth throat
  cancer because of his continual use of chewing
  tobacco. His doctors say that he has little
  chance of survival without medication and
  surgery. Hector had the surgery but eventually
  dies six months later.
• Whats the level of prevention?
• If you said primaryyoure so wrong.
• If you said tertiary(congratulations!) you are
  correct!!!

37
ScenariosWhats the Level of prevention?

• Eric visits his doctor on a regular basis because
  he is a hypochondriac (his preoccupation with
  health or disease is so intense that it disrupts
  normal living habits). He never misses a
  doctors visit and sometimes visits too much.
• Whats the level of prevention?
• If you said secondary just because of the process
  of elimination, youre wrong.
• If you said secondary because you honestly knew
  the answer, youre right!

38
What are the Three Most Meaningful Words in The
Dictionary?

• 1 Choice
• 2 Choice
• 3 Choice
• You have the power to choose. Making the wrong
  choices could negatively affect your health.
  Remember You ARE responsible for youre own
  actions. So, be healthy and always make the
  right choicesyour life depends on it!

39
The End?

• The End of this PowerPoint, the beginning of
  your journey in disease preventionI wish you all
  the best!

40
Group Disease Presentation!

• As a group, present an 8-10 minute presentation
  on one of the following diseases Type 1 2
  Diabetes, Cancer, Asthma, Hypertension,
  Osteoarthritis, and Coronary Heart/Artery
  Disease.
• At the conclusion of your presentation, prepare a
  quiz with five questions relating to your disease
  (this may be included at the end of your
  presentation).
• Dont forget your table of contents and cover
  page! Its your job as a group to present the
  disease and be able to answer the following
  questions thoroughly

41
QUESTIONS 2 ANSWER!

• 1.     What is the disease?
• 2.     What causes the disease?
• 3.     Whos at risk?
• 4.     What are some of the symptoms?
• 5.     How is the disease treated?
• 6.     How can the disease be prevented?
• 7.     What are some relevant statistics and
  research?
• 8.     Other pertinent information?
• 9.     References Cited?
• Questions and Answers (Quiz)

42
Grading Rubric!

• Clarity and Presentation _____ 20
• Content Reliability _____ 20
• Group Participation _____ 20
• Organization _____ 20
• Creativity _____ 20
• Total Score _____ 100

43
Group Assignments!

• Group 1 - Type 1 2 Diabetes
• Group 2 - Cancer
• Group 3 Asthma
• Group 4 Hypertension
• Group 5 Osteoarthritis
• Group 6 - Coronary Heart/Artery Disease