Drugs as Medicines - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1 / 22
About This Presentation
Title:

Drugs as Medicines

Description:

Prescription Medicines. You can't buy them over the counter. ... Before leaving the physician's office with your prescription, be sure that you know: ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:61
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 23
Provided by: cohs
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Drugs as Medicines


1
Drugs as Medicines
  • Chapter 11

2
The Actions of Drugs
  • Drugs are substances taken into the body that
    change one or more of the bodys functions.
  • Medicines are drugs used to help cure disease,
    lessen disease severity, relieve symptoms,
    prevent diseases, help with diagnosis, or produce
    other desired effects
  • Medicines benefit people in these ways
  • The may help prevent diseases.
  • The may help in the cure of diseases.
  • The may make diseases less severe without helping
    cure them
  • They may relieve symptoms
  • They may bring about other desired effects

3
Cont.
  • All drugs work by changing the bodys own
    process.
  • One familiar drug, aspirin, illustrates this
    concept.
  • Aspirin is a drug that relieves fever, pain and
    inflammation.
  • Its not addictive, and it certainly cant be as
    powerful as the drugs physicians prescribe.
  • Aspirin works by blocking the actions of powerful
    body chemicals.
  • These chemicals exist in all body tissues.
  • They produce fevers, cause inflammation, cause
    the blood to clot, and make nerves sensitive to
    pain.
  • Aspirin changes all these body responses through
    its actions on the body chemistry.
  • All though aspirin reduces fever and
    inflammation, prevents the blood from clotting,
    and is still the best drug available to relieve
    certain kinds of pain

4
Cont.
  • A person might take aspirin to prevent blood
    clotting, but this same effect also occurs in
    people who take aspirin to treat pain.
  • A single two-tablet does of aspirin doubles the
    bleeding time of wounds, an effect lasts from 4
    to 7 days.
  • For this reason, it is important not to take
    aspirin before any kind of surgery or in the
    weeks before childbirth.

5
Reyes Disease Syndrome
  • Aspirin is associated with this disease because
    it damages the liver and brain
  • The most likely victims of Reyes syndrome are
    children under 15 years old, who are given
    aspirin to relieve symptoms of chicken pox or flu
  • The lives of victims who are promptly treated can
    be saved.
  • However, they may be left mentally retarded of
    with disorders of voice and speech.

6
Cont.
  • Warning signs of Reyes Syndrome
  • Nausea with severe vomiting
  • Fever
  • Inactivity
  • Loss of consciousness
  • Uncontrollable behavior while unconscious.

7
  • Acetaminophen-a drug that relieves fever and
    pain. Sold under the brand names such as Tylenol
    or Datril.
  • Ibuprofen- a drug that relieves fever, pain and
    inflammation. Whose brand names are Advil,
    Mortin, and others
  • Naproxen Sodium- relieves fever, pain and
    inflammation. It provides longer relief from a
    single does than other common pain relievers.
    Brand name Aleve.

8
  • Keroprofen- a drug that relieves fever pain, and
    inflammation, Its small pill size eases
    swallowing for those who have trouble swallowing
    regular pills. Brand names Actron and Odudis KT.
  • Side Effects are effects of drugs other than the
    desired medical effects
  • Antihistamines are drugs that counteract
    inflammation caused by histamine, one of the
    chemicals involved in allergic reactions.

9
Factors that Change Medicines Effects
  • The nature of the drug
  • The form in which it is taken
  • The route by which it is taken
  • When it is taken( with or without food
  • You( your age weight, expectations)
  • Other drugs taken with it
  • The takers history of drug use
  • Transdermal literally across the skin. In a
    drug delivery system, a drug that is placed in
    contact with the skin by way of an adhesive
    patch. The drug is absorbed across the skin and
    into the bloodstream

10
Tolerance and How it works
  • Tolerance is a state that develops in users of
    certain drug that makes larger and larger amounts
    of the drugs necessary to produce the same
    effect.
  • It also means that the body has grown used to the
    being exposed to the drug
  • The longer the exposure, the better the body
    becomes at breaking it down and it the faster it
    gets rid of it.

11
Cont
  • The liver breaks down the drug faster.
  • The kidney throw it out in the urine faster
  • Tissues begin to ignore the drug- they no longer
    respond to it.
  • Tolerance varies from person to person.
  • One person may come to tolerate a certain drug
    well. But another may hardly adjust to it.
  • This is when addiction sets in. Addiction is a
    physical or psychological craving for higher and
    higher doses of a drug that leads to bodily
    harm, social maladjustment or economic hardship.

12
Drug Synergy
  • Two drugs taken together may produce a new or
    stronger effect called drug synergy.
  • Drug Synergy is the combined action of two drugs
    that is greater than or different from the action
    of either drug alone.
  • Sometimes this is beneficial, as when medicines
    are intended to work together ti help cure an
    illness.
  • Other times the interactions are dangerous as
    when sleeping pills and alcohol are combined.

13
Antagonist Drugs
  • Is a drug that opposes the action of another
    drug.
  • Such drugs are often useful in the treatment of
    accidental overdoses or poisoning.
  • Some forms of addiction therapy use antagonist
    drugs to oppose the effects of the addictive drug.

14
Testing Drugs Risks and Safety
  • Ingredients in medicine must be proved both safe
    and effective before the Food and Drug
    Administration, a watchdog agency of the federal
    government, allows the medicine on the markets.
  • The FDA keeps tabs on drug companies as they
    develop new drugs.
  • After the drug is on the market the FDA continues
    to check the market, especially for medicines to
    treat AIDS
  • NO drug is totally safe for all people at all
    times at any dose.

15
Cont.
  • The safest drugs are many antibiotics.
  • Antibiotics are drugs used to fight bacterial
    infections
  • They can be used to work against bacteria in the
    body, because bacteria normally divide more
    rapidly than most cells.
  • Anesthetics- drug that kill pain, with or without
    producing loss of consciousness
  • Lethal dose- amount of a drug necessary to
    produce death
  • Today, better, safer drugs are used for pain
    management instead

16
Nonprescription Medicines
  • The FDA divides medicine into two classes
  • Over the counter
  • Prescription drugs
  • Over-the-counter- drugs legally available without
    a prescription
  • Prescription drugs- drug legally available only
    with a physicians order.

17
Use of OTC Drug
  • Buyers often choose correctly and obtain relief
    from minor and chronic medical problems at
    reasonable cost.
  • Net sales for OTC medicines are in the many
    billions of dollars each year.
  • OTC drugs are freely available.
  • They are relatively safe
  • You can misuse or overuse OTC

18
Overusing OTC
  • Many people use to many OTC medicines too often.
  • Advertisers seeking to sell their product suggest
    that people pay attention to feelings in their
    bodies, label them as problems and then seek
    cures through pills
  • For example a person with a headache may quickly
    take a dose of aspirin rather than trying to
    identify the cause of the headache.
  • Pain or discomfort is a signal from your body
    that something is out of balance.

19
Generic and Brand Name
  • Both OTC drugs and prescription are referred to
    by two terms
  • Generic Names
  • Brand Names
  • Generic names- the chemical names for drugs as
    opposed to the brand names the names everyone
    can use.
  • Brand Names- the name companies give to drugs
    the names by which they are sold.

20
Prescription Medicines
  • You cant buy them over the counter.
  • They can be obtained only if prescribed by
    physicians because
  • They may be dangerous. They can easily be misused
  • The doses must be adjusted to body weight, age,
    drug use, or other factors
  • They require guidance to use them correctly. They
    may have complicated directions
  • They can be abused. They can cause addiction or
    have other serious side effects.

21
Cont.
  • Before leaving the physicians office with your
    prescription, be sure that you know
  • The name of your condition
  • The name of the prescribed medicines
  • Whether the physician recommends using a generic
    version of the drug, if a available.
  • How often, how long, and in what dose you should
    take the medicine
  • Whether to take the medicine with meals or
    between them
  • What side effects you should look for and report
  • What you should do if you forget to take a dose
    on time-double the next one, take it late, or
    leave it out entirely.

22
(No Transcript)
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com