Microbiology Primer

1
Microbiology Primer

• YSU Weapons of Mass Destruction

2
Historical

• Biogenesis vs. Spontaneous Generation
• 19th Century Golden Age
• Germ Theory
• Pasteur
• Koch
• Lister

3
Classification

• Animalia
• Plantae
• Fungi
• Protista
• Monera

4
Comparison

• Eucaryotic
• Nuclear Membrane
• Diploid DNA
• Mitosis
• Organelles Present
• Simple Cell Wall

• Procaryotic
• No Nuclear Membrane
• Haploid
• No Mitosis
• Organelles Absent
• Complex Cell Membr.

5
Procaryotic Organism
6
Bacteria

• 0.5-6 ?m (human hair is about 90 ?m)
• Simple Stapylococcus is 1.2 ?m
• Shape
• Coccus
• Bacillus
• Spirillum
• Spirochete

7
Useful Bacteria

• Acetobacter vinegar
• Lactobacilli yogurt, cheese
• Actinomyces antibiotics
• Others
• Industrial alcohols, acids, enzymes, rubber and
  plastics

8
Pathogenic Bacteria

• Grp A Strep
• B. pertussis
• S. aureus
• H. influenza
• Kl. pneumoniae
• L. pneumophila
• M. pneumoniae
• Salmonella typhi

• Plague
• Cholera
• Typhus
• Anthrax
• Q-Fever
• Clostridium
• Tularemia
• Glanders

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Bacteria

• Group Patterns
• Cell Membrane
• Gram Positive
• Gram Negative

10
Bacteria

• Endospores
• Significance
• Sporulation is important in Bacillus
  Clostridium species.
• Botulism disease
• B. anthracis

11
Bacteria Reproduction

• Binary fission
• Daughter cells
• Population doubles each generation
• Phase (important in disease)
• Lag
• Exponential
• Stationary
• Death

Day 1 Day 3 Day 5 Day 7
12
Similar Organisms

• Rickettsiae
• Gram negative
• Difficult to stain
• Grow in living cells
• Treatable with antibiotics
• Q-Fever
• Rocky Mt. Fever

13
Viruses
Modern antibiotics cannot kill viruses. In
fact, questions still exist as to whether viruses
are actually alive.
Orthopox vaccinia
14
Viruses
Name that virus. . . .
15
Viruses

• Submicroscopic
• 0.02 - 0.3 ?m
• Either DNA or RNA
• Glycoprotein envelope
• Obligate parasite

Rhinovirus 14
16
Viral Reproduction - RNA

• Replicates in cytoplasm
• Capsid dissolves
• RNA acts as messenger
• Cell systems harnessed for replication

Poliovirus at 350K magnification
17
Animal Cell
18
Prions
These are, in fact, incomplete shreds of protein
whose origin are unknown. They can insert
themselves into the genetic code of healthy cells.

• BSE 1986, also classified as a transmissible
  spongiform encephalopathies.
• vCJD

19
Other Organisms

• Amoeba
• Flagellates Protozoans (dinoflagellates)
  paralytic shellfish poisoning
• Plasmodium (malaria)

20
Nutritional Patterns

• Saprophytic
• Live on dead organic material
• Holozoic
• Ingest solid food
• Parasitic
• Nutrients at expense of host
• Obligate Parasite
• Requires host for specific function

21
Fungi

• Saprophytic
• Some produce mycotoxins
• Coccidioides imitis
• Histoplasmosis
• Crypotcoccus neoformans

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Identification Why is it difficult to monitor
for bioterror real time?

• Culture
• Gram Stain
• Direct Mount
• Enzymatic Identification
• Microscopy
• PCM, Bright Light, Fluorescence
• PCR

23
Biological Toxins

• S Enterotoxin B
• Botulinum toxin
• Mycotoxin (Tricothecene or T2)