Chapter Seven: Overweight, Underweight

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Chapter Seven Overweight, Underweight Weight
Control

• Identify the risks involved with being overweight
  or obese
• Explain how to determine if a person is either
  overweight or obese
• Identify how parents weight can affect
  childrens risk of becoming obese
• Describe ways to measure and define healthy body
  weight
• Identify factors that are associated with
  increasing central obesity

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Chapter 9 Contd.

• Describe the detrimental effects of central
  obesity
• Explain reasonable strategies for weight loss
• Identify the effect of lipoprotein lipase, of
  fat cells and set-point on weight control
• Identify common eating disorders

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Standards Goals for Weight

• U. S. Dietary Goal Aim for a healthy weight
  (Suggested weights inside back cover)
• Overweight 10-20 above the recommended weight
• Obese 20 or more above recommendation
• Underweight 10 or more below recommendation

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Determining Percentage Above or Below Recommended
Weight

• Actual Body Weight Divided by Ideal Body Weight
• ABW 195
• IBW 150
• 195/150 1.30 x 100 130
• ABW 165
• IBW 155
• 165/155 1.06 x 100 106

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Weight Guidelines

• Body Mass Index (Healthy Ranges)
• Formula on page 140 in text
• Chart on Inside Back Cover of Text
• Risks to Health below 18.5 or above 24.9
• Body Composition Weight (scale) is not a true
  indicator of body fat
• Men 10-25 (gt22-25 at risk)
• Women 18-32 (gt32-35 at risk)
• Methods of Measuring Body Fat

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Causes of Obesity

• Genetics
• Both parents obese increases chances up to 80
• Neither parent obese chances as low as 10
• Lipoprotein Lipase Leptin
• Enzyme which promotes fat storage
• High LPL increases fat storage
• Leptin controls appetite

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Causes of Obesity, cntd.

• Fat Cell Development
• Obese child develops more fat cells
• More fat cellsmore easily regain lost weight
• Set-Point Theory
• Body weight is physiologically regulated
• Metabolism adjusts with weight gain and loss
• Can help reduce fat set-point with exercise
• Hunger vs. Appetite (why do you eat?)
• Hunger Physiological
• Appetite Psychological

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Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity

• Obesity is the most significant cause of
  preventable death (2nd is tobacco use)
• Diabetes and Hypertension
• Body Composition--Central Obesity
• Fat storage in central abdominal area
  (Intra-abdominal fat) increases risk of diabetes,
  stroke, hypertension and heart disease
• Smoking, alcohol use, menopause, increase central
  obesitydecrease with physical activity

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Apple Shape
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Pears and Apples
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Measuring Central Obesity Risk

• Waist to Hip Ratio
• Divide waist circumference by hip circumference
• Ratio of .8 or greater for women and .95 or
  greater for men suggests greater risk
• Waist circumference Menno larger than 40
  inches women no larger than 35 inches
• 26/36 .72 low risk
• 35/40 .88 increased risk

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Weight Loss Strategies

• Aggressive Treatments Drugs, Very Low Calorie
  Diets, Surgerygastric banding
• Reasonable Weight Loss Strategies
• Diet Reduction of 500-1000 kcalories each day
  no less than 1000-1200 kcalories per day
• 1 pound 3500 kcalories
• Physical Activity Speeds up metabolism helps
  control appetite
• Behavior and Attitude (Behavior Modification)
  p. 155 in Text

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Weight Gain Strategies

• Physical Activity to build Muscle
• Energy-dense foods
• Meals and Snacks
• Increase portions
• Powdered milk or instant breakfast added to other
  foods or beverages

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Eating Disorders

• Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia
• More prevalent in girls and young women from
  middle to upper-class families
• Anoxeria Nervosa Refusal to eat
• Bulimia Binge eating and purging or use of
  laxatives
• Athletes are also vulnerable to eating disorders

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Review Questions

• 1. A woman weighs 160 pounds. According to the
  weight for height tables she should weight 135
  pounds. According to the conventional definition
  of obesity, is she considered obese? (You must
  figure her of standard or ideal weight)
• A. Yes B. No

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• 2. The secret to safe and permanent weight loss
  is a sensible approach involving
• 1. physical activity
• 2. realistic energy intake
• 3. hormones
• 4. behavior modification

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• 3. The psychological desire to eat is
  referred to as
• A. Satiety
• B. Hunger
• C. Obesity
• D. Appetite