PATHOLOGY

1
PATHOLOGY
2
Gary E. Sanders, PhD OFFICE S112 PHONE EXT 1912
gary.sanders_at_logan.edu
3
REQUIRED TEXTS
Basic Pathology by Kumar, Cotran and Robbins
7th ed., 2004 Pathology Secrets by Damjanov, 2ed
ed, Elsevier Moseby, 2005
4
COURSE MATERIALS
All slides and lecture materials will be posted
on the the Pathology Class WebSite
(www.logan.edu/faculty/sanders IQWeb
5
Examinations
There will be an examination after each chapter
and each exam will be comprehensive over the
previous exams The last or final examination,
will obviously be comprehensive
6
Examinations
Examinations may be composed of short
answer,listing, short discussion,
multiple choice, or matching type questions.
7
Examinations
Examinations will cover lecture material AND
assigned readings from the texts OR other sources
8
Examples

• The most common cause of cell death is
• a. toxins
• b. free radicals
• c. hypoxia
• d. bacteria

OR The most common cause of cell death
is__________
9
Pathology Grades (n596)
10
Active Learning Exercises
Additionally, there may be in-class or on-line
exercises or quizzes, that may or may not be open
book/notes, that will count as part of the final
course grade
11
Active Learning Exercises
These exercises WILL or WILL NOT be scheduled
12
Active Learning Exercises
It should be noted, in the event a student misses
an exercise, that there ARE NO make-ups for
missed in class exercises and the score for the
missed exercise will be 0
13
Missed Examinations
Any examination not taken may be made-up or it
may be averaged as 0
14
Grades
The course grade will be determined by the
average of the class exercises and the
examinations.
15
Grades
The grading scale for the course grade will be A
90 B85 B 80 C75 C 70 F 69-
16
1st Goal
The goal of this course is to give students a
solid foundation of the facts and principles of
disease upon which they will build their clinical
skills of diagnosis and treatment for those
disorders most often encountered by the
practicing Doctor of Chiropractic
17
1ed Goal
All students earn an A or B
18
3rd Goal
Class is interesting and relevant
19
General Objectives
A. Synthesize and apply knowledge of
pathophysiology to diagnose and predict the
clinical course of those disorders most often
encountered by the practicing Doctor of
Chiropractic
20
General Objectives
B. Understand the pathological processes
responsible for the patient's clinical signs and
symptoms
21
General Objectives
C. Recognize the need for self-directed,
independent reading of journals, texts and other
sources
22
General Objectives
D. Appreciate that diagnosing and treating
patients is a complex process that requires a
thorough understanding of underlying disease
processes and the interaction of the patient and
the disease.
23
General Objectives
Engage in independent self-directed reading of
the relative health care and scientific
literature.
24
LECTURE/LABORATORY SERIES OUTLINE
Chapter 1 Cell Injury, Death and
Adaptation Chapter 2, Acute and Chronic
Inflammation Chapter 3, Repair Cell
Regeneration, Fibrosis and Wound Healing Chapter
4, Hemodynamic Disorders,Thrombosis and Schock,
Chapter 5, Disorders of the Immune System
Chapter 6 Neoplasia Chapter Disease of
Erythrocytes and Luekocytes
25
OFFICE HOURS
As posted or by appointment, or through e-mail
26
Classroom Stuff
Students are expected to attend the lectures. The
primary purpose of the lectures is to present and
review the most important aspects of
the respective subject material.
27
Classroom Stuff
The lectures are not intended to be all
encompassing in regards to the material. The
student is expected to read the material in the
designated textbook.
28
Classroom Stuff
Attendance will be taken
29
Classroom Donts
Bother your classmates with talking or cell phones
30
Classroom Donts
Leave class during the lecture
31
Classroom Donts
Read during lecture anything that will not be
tested on in any of your classes
32
Classroom Does
Be prepared to learn what a doctor is supposed
to know
33
Classroom Does
Ask questions and answer questions Participate in
class
34
Finally
Garys Guide to Getting Good Grades
Read the Assigned Readings Pay attention in
class Ask questions Read the Assigned Readings
35
ANY QUESTIONS ?
36
PATHOLOGY
A bridging discipline involving both basic
science and clinical practice and is devoted to
the study of the structural and functional
changes in cells, tissues, and organs that
underlie diseases.
37
PATHOLOGY
Pathology could be defined as the specialty that
employs morphological techniques to explain
symptoms and signs, to determine the cause of
death, to guide therapy, and to predict the
evolution of disease.
38
Simon Flexner
Director, Rockefeller Institute of Experimental
Pathology. "Pathology is far more important for
us than physiology or pharmacology, and the
background of medicine than general science.
Pathology is the fundamental branch of medicine"
39
Xavier Bichat
"You can take notes for 25 years, from morning
to evening, by the patient's bedside on diseases
of the lung, heart and stomach, and the result
will be a long list of confusing symptoms leading
to incoherent conclusions. Open a few bodies, and
you will see darkness immediately recede".
40
Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902)

• Father of Modern Pathology

His major contribution was the idea that
pathologic reactions were reactions of cells.
41
Rudolf Virchow Cellular Pathology
1862 His fundamental tenet was that the ultimate
explanation of normal and abnormal biological
facts lay in the cell, in that this was "a simple
homogeneous,extremely monotonous structure,
recurring with extraordinary constancy in
living organisms"
42
Selected Virchow Quotes
Where a cell arises, there a cell must have
previously existed (omnis cellula e cellula),
just as an animal can spring only from an animal,
a plant only from a plant. Cellular Pathology,
Lecture II
43
Selected Virchow Quotes
Ever since we recognized that diseases are
neither self-subsistent, circumscribed,
autonomous organisms, nor entities which have
forced their way into the body, nor parasites
rooted on it, but . . . the course of
physiological phenomena under altered conditions
. . . the goal of therapy has had to be the
maintenance or the reestablishment of normal
physiological conditions. Disease, Life, and
Man, Standpoints in Scientific Medicine, ific M
44
Selected Virchow Quotes
Belief has no place as far as science reaches,
and may be first permitted to take root when
science stops.? Disease, Life, and Man,
45
Selected Virchow Quotes
Pathology also has its place in the science of
biology, certainly a very honorably one, for to
pathology we owe the realization that the
contrast between health and disease is not to be
sought in a fundamental difference of two kinds
of life, nor in an alteration of essence, but
only in an alteration of conditions.? The Place
of Pathology Among the Biological Science
46
Selected Virchow Quotes
Only those who regard healing as the ultimate
goal of their efforts can, therefore, be
designated as physicians. Disease, Life, and
Man, Standpoints in Scientific Medicine
47
Selected Virchow Quotes
Imprisoned quacks are always replaced by new
ones Laws should be made, not against quacks
but against superstition. Quoted by F. H.
Garrison in Bulletin of the New York Academy of
Medicine, 1928, 4 995.
48
Why Study Pathology
Because its the most important So that all the
Basic Science trivia has a practical or clinical
application Minimize ignorance
49
Why Study Pathology

• To understand the mechanisms of symptom
  production
• Provides a reason or rational for treatment
  choices

50
Why Study Pathology

• To intelligently communicate with professional
  colleagues
• So that you can correctly explain things to your
  patients
• Understand what you read

51
???????????
What is the relationship between Pathology and
Chiropractic
52
PATHOLOGY
The study of suffering (pathos)
53
HEALING
The process of bringing about resolution of
suffering
54
PHYSICIAN
An individual skilled in the art of healing
55
CHIROPRACTIC PHYSICIAN
An individual who utilizes chiropractic methods
56
An individual skilled in the art of healing
SUMMARY
PHYSICIAN
An individual who utilizes chiropractic methods
CHIROPRACTIC PHYSICIAN
HEALING
The process of bringing about resolution of
suffering
PATHOLOGY
The study of suffering
57
THUS
Pathology is a component (major) of Chiropractic
58
PATHOLOGY

• Clinical pathology
• Forensic pathology
• Experimental Pathology

Anatomic pathology
59
PATHOLOGY
The four aspects of a disease process that form
the core of pathology
Etiology Pathogenesis Morphologic
change Clinical significance
60
Etiology
The cause
61
Pathogenesis

• The mechanism

62
Morphologic change

• Alteration of structure

63
Clinical significance

• Signs Symptoms

64
What is the responsibility of the Chiropractic
physician for Pathology
FIND IT AND IF POSSIBLE FIX IT
65
How is pathology detected Or how do you find it
Signs Symptoms
SEARCH BY USING YOUR CLINICAL SKILLS
Imaging
Laboratory Testing
Biopsy
Autopsy