ERIK ERIKSON

1
ERIK ERIKSON
2
FREUD Psychosexual Development
ERIKSON PSYCHOSOCIAL Development
3
EPIGENETIC PRINCIPLE
There Is A Natural, Predetermined Order To
Development. Personality growth follows a
sequence of inner, predetermined laws. Each
person develops through a sequence of stages
that emerge in accordance with this preset plan.
4
At each stage a person is confronted with a
CRISIS that must be resolved. Each crisis is
represented by a healthy versus an unhealthy
resolution that can be represented as polar
opposites on a straight line. Trust--------------
-------------------------------------------Mistrus
t A persons social environment has an extremely
important effect on how each crisis is resolved,
but it does not determine the order in which
stages emerge!
5
Thus, there is a predetermined, genetic plan of
what constitutes a healthy personality (a
positive resolution at each stage). What
constitutes a healthy personality is not
arbitrary or socially determined. The epigenetic
principle states that there is a universal,
biologically determined conception of what a
healthy personality is.
6
The stages are sequential but they are NOT
HIERARCHICAL. Each new stage emerges according
to the predetermined biological plan irrespective
of how successful the resolution of the previous
stage was. However, the unhealthy resolution of
a stage negatively affects the resolution of all
subsequent stages.
7
THE STAGES
8. Integrity vs. Despair 7. Generativity vs.
Stagnation 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation 5.
Identity vs. Role Confusion (Diffusion) 4.
Industry vs. Inferiority 3. Initiative vs.
Guilt 2. Autonomy vs. Shame 1. Trust vs.
Mistrust
8
COMPARISON OF STAGES
FREUD
ERIKSON

• Genital
• Latency
• Oedipal
• Anal
• Oral

• 5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion
• 4. Industry vs. Inferiority
• 3. Initiative vs. guilt
• 2. Autonomy vs. Shame Doubt
• 1. Trust vs. Mistrust

9
ERIKSONS ADULT STAGES
8. Integrity vs. Despair 7. Generativity vs.
Stagnation (self-absorption) 6. Intimacy vs.
Isolation
10
STAGE AND AGE
8. Integrity vs. Despair Old age 7.
Generativity vs. Stagnation Adulthood 6.
Intimacy vs. Isolation 20s 5. Identity vs.
Role Diffusion 12-18 (approx.) 4. Industry vs.
Inferiority 6-12 (approx.) 3. Initiative vs.
Guilt 3-6 2. Autonomy vs. Shame 2-3 1.
Trust vs. Mistrust 0-1
11
SIGNIFICANT RELATIONS
8. Integrity vs. Despair humankind (my
kind) 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation divided
labor, shared household 6. Intimacy
vs. Isolation partners friends,
sex,competition, cooperation 5.
Identity vs. Role Diffusion peer and other
groups 4. Industry vs. Inferiority
neighborhood, school 3. Initiative vs. Guilt
basic family 2. Autonomy vs. Shame parental
persons 1. Trust vs. Mistrust maternal
person
12
GOALS OF EACH STAGE
Ideal Achievement
Stage

• Wisdom, Inner peace
• Care
• Love
• Fidelity
• Competence
• Purpose
• Will Power
• Hope

• 8. Integrity vs. Despair
• 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
• 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
• 5. Identity vs. Role Diffusion
• 4. Industry vs. Inferiority
• 3. Initiative vs. Guilt
• 2. Autonomy vs. Shame
• 1. Trust vs. Mistrust

13
Eriksons Assumptions

• Are people active of passive?
• Passive Environment seems to determine whether
  or not we have a good resolution.
• What is the relationship between learning and
  development?
• How do people change?
• What motivates people?
• How important is behavior?
• How important is thinking?
• 7. How important are emotions?
• 8. What is the goal of education?