LEAVE METHAMPHETAMINE TO BE ALIVE

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LEAVE METHAMPHETAMINE TO BE ALIVE
Mohammed Nasimul Islam, Arthur Kong Sn Molh,
Jesmine Khan, Hasnan Jaafar,
nasimul_at_kb.usm.my
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There are umpteem drugs being used all over the
world. Heroin, Cocaine, Ecstasy, Yuba, Phensydil,
Crystal Meth, and many more. The number of users
is rising at a frightening rate. Although the
drugs have found mass appeal in almost all age
groups but mainly destroying young generation.
From people in their early teens to the fifties,
a major portion of society has got abroad the
drug train that runs not on oil or coal, but the
newest drug Methamphetamine.
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• Objective of this presentation is to conclude
  the effect
• of MA to the myocardium after,
• 1. An acute high dose administration of MA
• 2. Chronic low dose administration of MA
• 3. Chronic high dose administration of MA

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Experimental Design
Perfused Heart
Light microscopic samples
Electronmicroscopic samples
Semi-thin section TB stained
Ultra-thin section UA LC stained
H E
PTAH
TT
MB
H E Hematoxylin Eosin PTAH
Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin TT Troponin
T MB Myoglobin
TB Toluidine blue UA Uranyl acetate LC Lead
citrate
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Expt. 1
Preparation of animals -26
MA HCl (50mg/kg) in 0.9 saline, rats 10
Control rats 6
Placebo control (0.9 saline), rats 6
Fasting for 1 day
Sacrifice of rats
Collection of myocardium
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Expt. 2
Preparation of animals 56
Controls-8
MA-40
Placebos-8
Administration of saline
Administration of MA (5mg/kg)
Withdrawal of 2 4 wks
Observation of rats behavior changes and diets
Sacrifice of rats
Collection of myocardium
Sections preserved in 10 formal saline and
processed in paraffin sections 1. Hematoxylin
and Eosin (HE) 2. Mason Trichrome (MT)
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Expt. 3
Total 46 M Wistar Rats
Control Gp-9
MA Gp-17 (1mg)
Withdrawal Gp-20
3 Rats
5 rats
4 Weeks MA
3 Rats
8 Weeks MA
6 rats
3 Rats
12 Weeks MA
6 rats
5 Rats
1 weeks after MA withdrawal
2 weeks after MA withdrawal
5 Rats
3 weeks after MA withdrawal
5 Rats
4 weeks after MA withdrawal
5 Rats
MA Methamphetamine
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• Light microscopic parameters
• eosinophilic degeneration,
• cellular infiltration
• contraction band necrosis
• atrophy
• hypertrophy
• disarray
• edema
• myolysis
• fibrosis
• appearance of vacules

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PATHOLOGICAL GRADING FOR LIGHT MICROSCOPE
0 Normal myocardium 1 Mild, lesions involving
less than 25 of the myocardium 2 Moderate,
lesions involving less than 26 - 50 of the
myocardium 3 Marked, lesions involving less
than 51 - 75 of the myocardium 4
Severe, lesions involving more than 75 of the
myocardium
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ULTRASTRUCTURAL GRADING
Glycogen Depletion 0 Abundant or clumped 1
Moderately clumped 2 Less abundant 3 Sparce 4
Absent
Sarcoplasmic reticulum 0 Normal 1 Slightly
enlarged 2 Mildly enlarged 3 Moderately
enlarged 4 Severely enlarged
Intracellular and intermyofibrillar edema 0
Absent 1 Predominently intermyofibrillar
edema 2 Presence of Intracellular
intermyofibrillar edema 3 Marked
intermyofibrillar edema with vacuoles and
sub sarcolemmal blebs 4 Severe vacuolization
and sub sarcolemmal blebs
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ULTRASTRUCTURAL GRADING
Mitochondria 0 Normal mitochondria 1 Early
swelling as manifested by clearing of matrix
density separation of cristae 2 More
marked swelling as manifested by further clearing
of matrix density and separation of
cristea 3 Massive swelling with disruption of
cristea 4 Massive swelling with disruption of
cristea and rupture of inner and outer
mitochondrial membrane
Nucleus 0 Normal 1 Minimal clumping and
margination of chromatin 2 Mild amount of
clumping and margination of chromatin 3
Moderate clumping and margination with central
clarification 4 Severe clumping and
margination Pyknosis of the nucleus
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ULTRASTRUCTURAL GRADING
Overall cell score 0 Normal cell architecture 1
Minimal ischemic changes (nuclear chromatin
clumping and margination, I band, Glycogen
loss) 2 Moderate ischemic changes (the findings
in 1 plus early intermyofibrillar and
sarcoplasmic reticular edema 3 Severe ischemic
changes (the findings in 2 plus subsarcolemmal
blebs, sarcolemmal gaps and marked edema 4
Total architectural disruption (with loss of
sarcomere structural and absent of sarcolemmal
membrane
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RESULTS
Exp. 2
Exp. 3
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Expt. 1 Foci of macrophage-like cells with
large nuclei and little cytoplasm12 wks MA X400
Expt. 2
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?Expt. 3 Foci of cellular infiltration 50mg MA,
X 400(MTS)
?Expt.. 2 Foci of Fibrosis after withdrawal of 12
wks X 400 (HE)
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Conclusion In these studies it was evident
that most of the changes returned or were on the
way to returning to a normal state. Therefore,
the speculation has been established using a
dosage based on intake of this agent by the
abusers and that previously used. This study
concludes that the usual dose of MA brings about
cardiac lesions which can be microscopically
delineated and can be reversed if the drug is
withdrawn.
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BUT It has established that the Cardiac lesions
can cause after administration of 1 mg/kg, 5
mg/kg, 50 mg/kg body weight of MA in
experimental animals . Thus, MA and its relation
with heart has well been established and be
avoided for the sake of health.
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Thank You