Agricultural Geography

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Agricultural Geography

• Cultural Geography
• C.J. Cox

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Chapter 9 Overview

• Agricultural Geography
• Agricultural Hearth Areas
• Physical and Cultural Factors Influencing
  Agricultural Production
• Subsistence vs Commercial Agriculture
• Agricultural Trends

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Geographers Perspective of World Agriculture

• Geographers are interested in the patterns and
  distribution of agriculture in the world today.
• What are the patterns of agriculture worldwide?
• Why are agricultural areas distributed in the
  manner that they are?

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Agriculture

• Agri - Latin for field
• culture - to cultivate
• The expanded definition of Agriculture includes
  the cultivation of plants and animals
• The goal of agriculture is produce sufficient
  food supplies

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Physical Factors

• Land/Soil (fertility)
• Water (precipitation rivers)
• Sun ( temperature, evaporation rates)
• Climate

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Cultural Factors

• Population Distribution
• Diet of population
• calorie supply, protein, health
• Living Material
• clothes, houses
• Lifestyle/Cultural Tradition
• nomadic, sedentary/rain dances
• Economics
• cash crops with greatest profit ie. viticulture
• Government/Political Policies
• Argentina wheat, Japan rice

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Agricultural Hearth Areas

• Indus River in Pakistan
• Mesopotamia in Iraq
• Huang Ho in China
• Nile River in Egypt

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Agricultural Hearth Areas

• Vegetative Planting
• Southeast Asia
• West Africa
• Northwestern South America

• Seed Agriculture
• western India
• northern China
• Ethiopia
• Southern Mexico
• northwestern South America

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Forms of Agriculture

• Commercial
• produced for market
• mechanized
• few laborers
• livestock ranching
• horticulture
• dairy farming
• mixed crop
• grain
• medditeranean

• Subsistence
• produced for consumption
• work by hand
• most people work
• shifting agriculture
• nomadic herding
• rice (intensive subsistence)
• plantation agriculture

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Agricultural Trends

• Hand Labor Mechanization
• Small Plots Large corporately
  owned holdings
• No fertilizers natural fertilizers
  chemical fertilizers
• Natural Seed Production Hybrid
  Seeds
• Farm to family Farm to processing to
  supermarkets
• Nature controlled water man controlled
  water

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Chapter 9 Overview

• Agricultural Geography
• Agricultural Hearth Areas
• Physical and Cultural Factors Influencing
  Agricultural Production
• Subsistence vs Commercial Agriculture
• Agricultural Trends

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Agricultural Geography

• Cultural Geography
• C.J. Cox