European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization

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European and Mediterranean Plant Protection
Organization

• EPPOs Regional Approach to Invasive Alien
  Species
• I.M.Smith (Director-General)

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EPPO

• Founded 1951
• Regional Plant Protection Organization for Europe
  and Mediterranean region
• 44 member countries (through National Plant
  Protection Organizations)
• Secretariat in Paris
• Council, Executive Committee, Working Parties,
  Panels

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EPPO Members

• Member States of European Union
• EU Accession States (2004)
• Probable EU Members in later years
• Russia and other CIS countries
• Mediterranean countries (North Africa, Middle
  East)

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EPPO Regional Standards

• For phytosanitary measures
• PM1 general (4)
• PM2 pest-specific phytosanitary measures (300)
• PM3 phytosanitary procedures (60)
• PM4 certification schemes (30)
• PM5 PRA schemes (5)
• PM6 safety of biological control (3)
• PM7 diagnostic protocols (30)
• PM8 commodity-specific measures (in prep.)
• PM9 national regulatory control systems (in
  prep.)

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EPPO A1 A2 Lists

• EPPO Standard PM 1 / 2 A1 and A2 lists of
  recommended quarantine pests
• A1 list (not present in EPPO region)
• A2 list (limited distribution in EPPO region)
• Subject to IPPC and WTO disciplines (in
  particular, technical justification by PRA)
• Managed by national regulations in the framework
  of a harmonized regional approach

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EPPO Council Resolution

• Invasive alien species which have an effect on
  plants are quarantine pests under the IPPC
• NPPOs should consider their responsibilities for
  the management of such species, in cooperation
  with the environmental authorities

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Quarantine pests

• Agricultural (Ralstonia solanacearum on potato
  Rhagoletis pomonella on apple)
• Forests (Ceratocystis fagacearum on oaks
  Bursaphelenchus xylophilus on conifers)
• Pests of wild flora (in principle)
• Indirect pests (bee parasites, e.g. Varroa
  jacobsoni earthworm predators, e.g.
  Arthurdendyus triangulatus)
• Plants ..

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Plants as quarantine pests

• Parasitic plants Arceuthobium spp. (dwarf
  mistletoes Striga spp. (witchweeds) already
  treated as quarantine pests by some countries
• Weeds (of cultivation) treated as quarantine
  pests by some EPPO countries, but technical
  justification arguable
• Invasive plants (in environments other than
  cultivated land) not treated as quarantine
  pests at the moment (unless also falling in
  previous category - Ambrosia artemisiifolia,
  Acroptilon repens )

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EPPO Regional approach

• Treat invasive alien species like quarantine
  pests (national measures, regionally harmonized)
• Document them and subject them to PRA
  individually
• Propose measures individually
• Select on basis of risk of introduction and
  spread at regional level
• Respect CBD guiding principles
• General background measures (e.g. for soil)
• Alert list

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Origins and pathways

• A1 invasive alien species (not yet in)
• Multiple entry pathways
• Not necessarily invasive at origin
• May be horticultural plants
• Some obvious cases but otherwise difficult to
  categorize
• A2   invasive alien species (already in)
• Entry pathways not key priority
• Internal pathways mostly natural
• Known to be invasive (sometimes after lag phase)
• Relatively easy to categorize, but difficult to
  decide appropriate measures

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EPPO Regional Standards

• For phytosanitary measures
• PM1 general (4)
• PM2 pest-specific phytosanitary measures (300)
• PM3 phytosanitary procedures (60)
• PM4 certification schemes (30)
• PM5 PRA schemes (5)
• PM6 safety of biological control (3)
• PM7 diagnostic protocols (30)
• PM8 commodity-specific measures (in prep.)
• PM9 national regulatory control systems (in
  prep.)

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EPPO Regional Standards

• For phytosanitary measures
• PM1 general (4)
• PM2 pest-specific phytosanitary measures (300)
• PM3 phytosanitary procedures (60)
• PM5 PRA schemes (5)
• PM7 diagnostic protocols (30)
• PM8 commodity-specific measures (in prep.)
• PM9 national regulatory control systems (in
  prep.)

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EPPO programme

• Involve the NPPOs in invasive alien species
• Risk analysis
• Information
• Measures
• Consultation with environmental authorities
• EPPO activity
• EPPO Panel in Invasive Alien Species
• Documentation of status of individual species in
  EPPO region
• Adaptation of PRA systems for invasive species
• Recommendation of species requiring management
• International cooperation and participation
  (Convention on Biological Diversity, Berne
  Convention, CABI Compendium, ..)

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