ADHESIVES 3 JOINERY

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ADHESIVES 3 JOINERY
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ADHESIVES

• TWO MAIN INGREDIENTS
• RESIN GLUE SOLID
• SOLVENT KEEPS LIQUIFIED UNTIL APPLIED

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ADHESIVES

• How does glue work?
• Specific adhesion - results from strong molecular
  attraction between the wood and the glue and for
  this to occur, the adhesive must penetrate the
  wood cells and "wet" the fibers.
• Cohesion - the force which makes the glue stick
  to itself. This is the solid glue "line" in a
  joint. It is the strongest when the two pieces to
  be joined are machined so they mate as closely as
  possible

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ADHESIVES

• HOW DO ADHESIVES CURE?
• SOME HARDEN (SOLVENT EVAPORATES)
• SOME CHANGE CHEMICALLY
• SOME HARDEN AS THEY COOL

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ADHESIVES

• GLUE PROPERTIES
• WORKABILITY
• DURABILITY

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ADHESIVES

• WORKING PROPERTIES
• SHELF OR POT LIFE
• OPEN ASSEMBLY TIME
• CLOSED ASSEMBLY TIME (IN CLAMP)
• CURE TIME (FULL STRENGTH)
• SANDABILITY
• WORKING TEMPERATURE RANGE
• STRENGTH

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ADHESIVES types

• Hide Glue
• Polyvinyl Resin Glue (PVA)
• white glue longer open time, harder to sand
• Aliphatic Resin Glue (Modified PVA)
• yellow glue shorter open time, easier to sand
• Polyurethane glue Gorilla Glue
• Contact Cement
• water based 3M Fast Bond 30
• solvent based 3M Scotch Brand

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ADHESIVES types-liquid hide glue

• Hide Glue - Titebond Liquid Hide provides
  superior creep-resistance, offers excellent
  sandability and is unaffected by finishes. Its
  sensitivity to moisture allows for easy
  disassembly of parts, a critical benefit in
  antique restoration or the repair of musical
  instruments.

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ADHESIVES types-PVA

• Titebond Glue
• The cabinetmaker's standard. Titebond Original
  Wood Glue is the industry standard for
  woodworking. A ready-to-use aliphatic resin
  adhesive with outstanding strength. Also Titebond
  Dark Wood glue for dark woods is available
• It provides a strong initial tack and fast speed
  of set to reduce clamp time. It also develops a
  bond stronger than the wood itself, offers
  excellent sandability and is unaffected by
  finishes. The cabinetmaker's standard.
• Sets fast, sands easily and resists moisture.
  Available in regular original wood glue formula
  or in dark color formula for dark color woods.

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ADHESIVES types-PVA

• Titebond II Premium Wood Glue
• Works great outdoors. Titebond II Premium Wood
  Glue is the only leading brand, one-part wood
  glue that passes the ANSI Type II
  water-resistance specification. It is ideal for
  exterior wood-working projects, including outdoor
  furniture, birdhouses, mailboxes, planters and
  picnic tables. Polyaliphatic Resin Polymer
• Titebond II Premium provides a strong initial
  tack, fast speed of set, superior strength and
  excellent sandability. It is FDA approved for
  indirect food contact (cutting boards) and is
  ideal for radio frequency (R-F) gluing systems.

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ADHESIVES type advanced polymer

• Titebond III Ultimate Wood Glue
• Superior waterproof wood glue is ideal for
  exterior and interior woodworking! Available in
  five sizes.
• Stronger, safer, easier to clean up and less
  expensive than polyurethane glues.
• Allows eight minutes of open time and has an
  application temperature as low as 47º F.
• One hour clamp time!
• Cleans up with water.
• Does not foam.

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ADHESIVES types

• Titebond Polyurethane Glue
• Good for indoors or outdoors.
• Titebond Polyurethane Glue is a breakthrough in
  adhesive technology. It is the only polyurethane
  glue to combine a long 20 minute working time
  with a short 45 minute clamp time. It is a
  versatile, professional-strength glue
  specifically formulated for multi-purpose
  applications.
• In addition to its superior wood-to-wood
  performance, Titebond Polyurethane Glue is ideal
  for metals, ceramics, most plastics, HPL, Corain,
  stone and other porous/non-porous materials. It
  is ready-to-use, offers excellent sandability and
  is unaffected by finishes.

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ADHESIVES types

• Gorilla Glue
• The original premium quality polyurethane glue
  now available in a smaller size! Gorilla bonds
  virtually everything, indoors or outdoors! No
  mixing required. Bonds wood, stone, metal,
  ceramics and plastics without a glue line. 100
  percent waterproof. Environmentally safe once
  cured.
• SpecificationsCoverage minimum of a 1/2 oz. per
  Sq. ft. Single-sidedOpen Working Time 20
  minutes or moreClamping Time1-4 hrs. at
  68-130 F. Heavy hardwoods may require
  longerCures 90 in 1-4 hrs. 100 in 24
  hrs.Temp. Range 40-130 best at
  68-130Moisture Content Best results from
  10-25 Below 10, apply water to non glue
  surface.Shelf Life 3 yrs. unopened. Up to 1
  yr openedExpansion Non-thermoplastic. Will not
  expand or contract in the glue line after
  hardening.

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ADHESIVES types - PVA

• Titebond Wood Molding Glue
• Titebond Wood Molding Glue is the thickest,
  fastest-drying glue available for use with porous
  and semi-porous materials. It is ideal for finish
  trim, crown molding, baseboards, window casings
  and other applications requiring a
  professional-strength, no-run wood glue.
• Titebond Wood Molding provides a strong initial
  tack and fast speed of set, yet allows
  realignment of working pieces. It also develops a
  bond stronger than the wood itself, offers
  excellent sandability and is unaffected by
  finishes.

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ADHESIVES types

• Contact Adhesive
• water based 3M Fast Bond 30NF
• solvent based 3M Scotch Grip Contact Adhesive 10
• Uses Plastic Laminate, veneers, edgebanding

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ADHESIVES types

• Your brain after using water based contact cement

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ADHESIVES types

• Your brain after
• using solvent based
• contact cement

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ADHESIVES types

• Hot Melt Glue

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ADHESIVES types hot melt
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ADHESIVES
clamping

• THREE REASONS TO USE CLAMPS
• DRY FIT
• KEEP PARTS ALIGNED WHILE GLUE CURES
• MOST GLUES REQUIRE PRESSURE
• BRINGS MEMBERS INTO CONTACT
• SQUEEZE OUT AIR
• THIN OUT GLUE NO THICKER THAN A PIECE OF PAPER

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ADHESIVES
clamping

• Clamp Layout 1 from edge and 8 to 10
  intervals

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ADHESIVES
clamping
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ADHESIVES
clamping
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ADHESIVES
clamping

• HOW MUCH PRESSURE IS REQUIRED?
• Low Density Woods 100 to 150 PSI
• PINE
• Medium Density Woods 150 to 250 PSI
• ALDER
• High Density Hardwoods UP to 300 PSI
• RED OAK
• HPL 30 to 80 PSI
• Veneer 100 to 125 PSI

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ADHESIVES
clamping

• How Much Pressure Can Be Exerted By A Clamp?
• Wood Screw Clamp 800 to 1000
• Bar Clamp Up to 2000
• C-clamp 1000
• Spring Clamp 25

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GLUING WOOD MOVEMENT

• Wood Is Hygroscopic
• Most Movement Occurs Tangentially
• Wood Cups Towards The Bark Side

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GLUING AND WOOD MOVEMENT
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GLUING AND WOOD MOVEMENT
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WOOD MOVEMENT GLUING

• Least Effective Joint Alignment

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WOOD MOVEMENT GLUING

• More Effective

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WOOD MOVEMENT GLUING

• Most effective

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JOINERY

• SIDE GRAIN JOINTS
• STRONG

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JOINERY

• FLAT GRAIN JOINTS
• STRONG

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JOINERY

• END GRAIN TO END GRAIN
• WEAK

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JOINERY

• END GRAIN TO SIDE GRAIN
• WEAK

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JOINERY mortise tenon

• OPEN MORTISE TENON

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JOINERY mortise tenon

• THROUGH TENON

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JOINERY dado

• PLAIN DADO

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JOINERY dado

• STOP DADO

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JOINERY lap

• END LAP

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JOINERY corner joints

• RABBET JOINT

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JOINERY corner joints

• SPLINED CORNER JOINT

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JOINERY corner joints

• LOCK SHOULDER

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JOINERY corner joints

• DOVETAIL

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JOINERY
miter

• MITER JOINT WITH SPLINE

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JOINERY edge to
edge

• EDGE TO EDGE SPLINE JOINT

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DOWELED JOINTS

• The Strength Of A Doweled Assembly Is Directly
  Related To
• The Tensile Strength Of The Dowels
• The Distance Between The Dowel Centers
• Half The Distance Between The Dowel Center And
  The Shoulder

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DOWEL PLACEMENT

• 2 STILE RAIL
• Strength of Dowels
• Distance between centers ½ center of one dowel
  to shoulder
• 11/4 (3/8/2) 1 7/16
• 1 7/16 X Sheer Strength of Dowel
• Increasing the distance
• between the dowel centers is
• twice as effective as increasing
• the shoulder between the
• dowel and the edge of the rail.

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DOWEL PLACEMENT

• 2 STILE RAIL
• Strength of Dowels
• Distance between centers ½ center of one dowel
  to shoulder
• 1 (½/2 ) 1 ¼

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DOWEL PLACEMENT

• 2 STILE RAIL
• Strength of Dowels
• Distance between centers ½ center of one dowel
  to shoulder
• Example
• 3/8 (3/4/2) 3/4

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DOWEL PLACEMENT

• MAX. EFFECTIVE DOWEL LENGTHS (81)
• Dowel Diameter Dowel Length
• 1/4 2
• 3/8 3
• 1/2 3 ½