Fanciful composite

1
Fanciful composite
Vertebral articulation
(Body)
Rib articulation
2
Frog
sacral
(cervical)
Sternum is associated with pectoral girdle (not
with thoracic ribs)
3
Alligator
Ribs meet at sternum
Have short ribs
Lack ribs
Chevron bones
Sternum is single anteriorly, splits posteriorly
4
Turtle
Turtle thoracic vertebrae, sacrum and first
caudal vertebrae are fused to the
carapace. Turtles lack true lumbar vertebrae.
5
Pigeon
Ribs meet sternum
flexible
Fused caudal vertebrae
Sternum is large and ossified, with a prominent
keel
6
Cat
Anterior
Articulate with ribs
7 cervical
Posterior
3-5 vertebrae
3-40
Sternum is a series of separate bones (jointed
rod) Human 3-part plate
7
Human
7
12
5
5 fused
3-5 fused
8
In amphibians, ribs are reduced/lacking. Frogs
have only sacral ribs.
Frog
sacral
(cervical)
Sternum is associated with pectoral girdle (not
with thoracic ribs)
9
Turtles have no cervical ribs. The thoracic ribs
are long, flat, and fused to the
carapace. Sacral ribs unite with the pelvic
girdle.
Turtles have no sternum
10
In crocodilians, ribs are double-headed. Most
vertebrae bear ribs. Thoracic vertebrae have
2-part ribs.
Alligator
Ribs meet at sternum
Have short ribs
Lack ribs
2 fused
Chevron bones
Sternum is single anteriorly, splits posteriorly
11
In birds, all 5 groups of vertebrae bear
ribs. Anterior thoracic ribs unite with
sternum. Thoracic ribs have 2 parts.
Pigeon
Ribs meet sternum
flexible
Fused caudal vertebrae
Sternum is large and ossified, with a prominent
keel
12
Cat
Anterior
Articulate with ribs
7 cervical
Thoracic vertebrae have 2-part ribs. Mammals lack
ribs in the lumbar and caudal regions.
Posterior
Sternum is a series of separate bones (jointed
rod) In human, the sternum is a 3-part plate
13
The human sternum has 3 parts