Cetificate in Animal Health Research JAPAN,

1
???????? ????????? ????????????

• ?????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????
• ????????????????? ?????????????????
• ??????????????????????

2
????????

• ?????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????
  ??.?.,
• Cetificate in Animal Health Research (JAPAN),
• Diploma in Tropical Veterinary Medicine (UK),
• Certificate of Proficiency in Clinical
  Pharmacology (NEW ZEALAND)

3
Prescription

• ??????????????????????????? ? ????????????????
• 1. ????? (physician, dentist or veterinarian)
• 2. ??????? ????????????? ????????????
  (pharmacist or dispenser)
• 3. ??????? ???? ???????????????? (patient or
  client)
• ?????????????????????????? (Pharmaceutical Latin)
• ?????????????????????????? ??????
  ????????????????????? ?

4
Form of the Prescription

• The date of writing the prescription
• The identity and address of the owner and the
  patient
• The superscription ( Rx )
• The inscription
• The subscription
• The signature (Sig. )

5
Form of the Prescription (continued)

• Prescribers Signature and Qualifications
• Non-repet. ( Let it not be repeated )
• Q.R. ( The quantity is correct )

6
Prescribers Qualifications

• ????? M.D. ( Medicinae Doctor,Doctor of Medicine
  ) or M.B. (Medicinae Baccalaureus, Bachelor
  of Medicine )
• ????????? D.V.M. ( Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
  )
• ????????? D.D.S. ( Doctor of Dental Surgery)

7
Prescription Building

• Inscription
• ?????????????????????????
• Subscription
• ????????????????????????????????????????? Mix.,
  Lotio. Etc.
• Signature
• Let it be labelled One powder to be given
  twice daily in food.

8
1.Inscription1.1 Choosing Drugs

• ???????????????????????????????
• 1. ??????????????????
• 2. ????????????????????????????????????????
• 3. ????????????? (??? ???? ???) ???????????????
• 4. ??????????? ? ??????????????????????
• 5. ??? Specific drug (?????)
• 6. ???????????? ????????????? (????? specific
  drug ??????)

9
1.Inscription1.1 Choosing Drugs

• ???????? Inscription ?????????? 4 ?????????
• 1. ??????????????????????????? (The basis or
  main active agent of the prescription)
• 2. ?????????????????????????? (The adjuvant)
• 3. ????????????????????????? (The corrective)
• 4. ??????????????????????????? (The vehicle or
  excipient)

10
Asclepiades

• ???????????????? ( Grecian physician )
• ???????????????????????? 200 ??????????????(??????
  )
• ???? 4 ??? ??? basis,
• adjuvant,
• corrective and
• excipient .. ??????????????????????? (
  Hypothesis ) ????????????

11
Asclepiades (Continue)

• ??????????? ????????????? Cure
• Quickly,
• Safely, and
• Pleasantly
• ???????????????????????? Curare Cito Tuto
  et Jucunde ???????

12
PurgativeHorse Ball

• ???????????????????????????? Asclepiades ???
• Rx
• Aloes Barb.
• Hydrarg. Subchlor.
• Zingib. Pulverat.
• Sap. Moll.
• Ft. Ft. Bol. 1.

13
Explain

• Aloes Barb. Aloes Barbados or Barbados aloes
  (12-18 h.)
• Hydrarg. Subchlor. Hydrargyri Subchloridum or
  Calomel or Mercurous Chloride ???????????????????
  ?????????????
• Zingib. Pulverat. Zingiberis Pulveratum or
  powdered ginger ???? antispasmodic
• Sap. Moll. Sapo Molle or soft soap
  ????????????????? 3 ?????????????????????????????

14
1.2 Choosing Doses

• ??????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????
  ?????? Drug dosage table ???????????????
  ????????????
• ???????????????????????? ??????? Solid drugs
  ???????????????????????? 4 ?????????? ???

15
1.2 Choosing Doses

• 1. ????????????????????? 2 ???? (?????????)
• 2. ???????????????? 2-60 ????
• 3. ???????????????? 60 ???? ??? 1 ?????
• 4. ???????????????? 1 ?????
• ??????????? 1 ????????????
• ??????????????? 2-4 ?????????
• As ??????? 1-2 ???? ???????????????? 10 ???? ...
  Q.R.

16
1.2 Choosing Doses

• 1. Below 2 grains Most pure alkaloids and
  their salts. E.g.
  strychnine,arecoline, physostigmine and atropine
• 2. 2-60 grains Less active pure alkaloids and
  the toxic minerals
  
  E.g. morphine, codeine, arsenic and antimony,
  caffeine, dry and soft extracts
  containing toxic alkaloids,
  e.g. dry extracts of belladonna and opium.

17
1.2 Choosing Doses

• 3. 60grains-1 oz. Less toxic minerals and the
  crude unconcentrated vegetable compounds.
  
  E.g. ammonium carbonate, ferrous sulphate, tannic
  acid, aloes, powdered belladonna and ginger.
• 4. Over 1 oz. Non-toxic drug.
  E.g. chalk,
  kaolin, magnesium sulphate, sulphur.

18
1.2.1 Species Dosages

• If . Horse .. 1 then
• Cattle 1 1/2 of horse
• Sheep and Goat 1/5 of horse
• Pig 1/8 of horse
• Dog 1/16 of horse
• Cat 1/32 of horse

19
1.2.1 Species Dosages

• ???????????????????????????????????? Ratio ???? ?
  ???????????????????????????
• 1. ???????????? Toxic drug (??????????
  ??????????????)
• 2. ????????????????????????????????????
  (susceptible)
• ???????? maximum oral dosage of strychnine
  hydrochloride ????????? 1 ???? ??? ratio
  ??????????? 1/16 ?????? ??? 1/16 ???? ????????
  ????? max.?????????????? 1/60 ????

20
1.2.1 Species Dosages Factors

• Size body weight, body surface area
• Alimentary anatomy ruminant stomach vs simple
  stomach
• Physiological variations vomiting species ,
  S,D,and C
• Susceptibility (Idiosyncrasy) e.g. cocaine
  (rabbit) species susceptibility , morphine or
  strychnine (dog) individual susceptibility,
  pentobarbitone sodium (very young calves-up to
  one month of age) age susceptibility,
  thiopentone sodium (greyhound dog,racing)
  condition susceptibility.

21
1.2.2 Individual Dosages

• Weight body volume or body surface area
• Age.young animals and old animals vs prime adult
• Sex ..same dose in M and F ..but ..Pregnant
  animal
• Physiological Variation . Pregnant animal,
  Lactating animal, working animal vs unworking
  animal
• Toxic state Toxemia , Septicemia
• Drug Form . and Regional and Climatic
  Effects

22
1.2.3 Vehicle Quantity

• Solid Vehicles or Bulking Agents .. powder for
  D30-40 gr.(2 G.), C 10-15 gr.(1 G.) and
  Cattle 4 oz.(120 G.)
• cum or sine Bulking Agents
• Fluid Vehicles fluid for
• Horse, Cattle 300-600 ml.
• Sheep, Goat, Pig 30-60 ml.
• Dog 10-15 ml.
• Cat 7-8 ml.

23
????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? codeine phosphate ????????????
• ?????????????????????? 15 mg. ??? 3 ???????
  ????? 4 ????? ???????????????????? 6 ???

24
Codeine 15mg 4 ml qid for 6 d.

• ??????????????????????? 4 times x 6 days
  24 times
• ????????????????????????? 24 t. x 15 mg 360
  mg
• ??????????????? 24 t. x 4 ml
  96 ml
• Rx Codeine Phosphate, U.S.P. 360
  mg Syrup of Cherry q.s.
  96 ml Ft.
  Ft. sol.
• Sig. One teaspoonful every three hours for four
  doses daily.

25
2. The Subscription

• ???????????????????????????????????????????
• Ft. pulv. 1 mitte 6.
• Ft. lotio.
• Ft. mist.
• Ft. haust.
• Ft. bol. 1.
• Ft. M. et div. in pulv. 12.

26
3. The Signature

• ?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
  ????
• Shake well before use
• For Animal Treatment Only
• Sig.
• For Animal Treatment Only.
• For cow ear number 1234.
• One powder to be given twice daily in
  food.
  
  

27
The Signature

• Signature Let it be labelled
• Sig. For Animal Treatment Only. Powders for Cow,
  Ear No.123. One powder to be given as a drench in
  one pint of warm water morning and evening.(Pulv.
  1 in haust. aq. ferv. det. M. et N. ) page 4,5
• Sig. One tablet three times a day, after
  meals.(Sig.Tab1, t.i.d., p.c.)

28
4. Prescribers Signature and Qualification

• 1. Doctor of Medicine ( M.D. or
  M.B.)..Physician
• 2. Doctor of Dental Surgery (D.D.S.)..Dentist
• 3. Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
  (D.V.M.).Veterinarian

29
Prescribers Qualifications

• ????? M.D.( Medicinae Doctor,Doctor of Medicine )
  or M.B. (Medicinae Baccalaureus, Bachelor of
  Medicine )
• ????????? D.V.M. ( Doctor of Veterinary Medicine
  )
• ????????? D.D.S. ( Doctor of Dental Surgery )