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The Concept

• Say hello to the latest advancement in portable
  entertainment
• The
• Y f p

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Project Objective

• To create a handheld device that will
• Support 802.11 wireless
• Provide a graphical environment on an LCD display
• Provide push button style user controls

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Design Options

• Four options were considered for the project.
• Each represents different levels of embedded
  hardware and software development.

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Design Option 1

• Acquire necessary components
• Microcontroller
• LCD screen
• Push buttons
• CompactFlash interface board
• CompactFlash 802.11 Wireless card
• Interface all components together.
• Develop all software
• OS
• Hardware drivers
• Networking protocols
• Support libraries
• Applications

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Design Option 2

• Acquire necessary components
• Microcontroller
• LCD screen
• Push buttons
• CompactFlash interface board
• CompactFlash 802.11 Wireless card
• Interface all components together.
• Acquire software for
• OS
• Networking protocols
• Develop software for
• Hardware drivers
• Support libraries
• Applications

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Design Option 3

• Acquire development kit containing
• Microcontroller
• CompactFlash interface
• LCD screen support
• Push buttons support
• Develop all software
• OS
• Hardware drivers
• Networking protocols
• Support libraries
• Applications

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Design Option 4

• Acquire development kit containing
• Microcontroller
• CompactFlash interface
• LCD screen support
• Push buttons support
• Acquire software for
• OS
• Networking protocols
• Develop software for
• Hardware drivers
• Support libraries
• Applications

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Chosen Design

• Design option 1 was chosen for the following
  reasons
• Allows for the most hardware and software design
  experience.
• Will be much more rewarding in having to build
  the complete system from individual components.
• Allows us to optimize the OS and supporting
  software to our exact needs.
• A much lower cost.

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Hardware Design Overview

• Hardware System Block Diagram

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Microcontroller Options

• A microcontroller is the heart of an embedded
  system design project.
• Criteria for choosing our microcontroller
• Cost
• Speed
• On-Chip Memory
• Types of memory
• Amounts of memory
• I/O Ports and capabilities
• Amount of research required to
• Develop Software
• Interface Hardware

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Microcontroller Options cont.

• For our project, a faster and more robust
  microcontroller than the M68HC11 would be
  required.
• Approximate requirements
• 16-bit microcontroller
• Max. speed above 20 Mhz
• At least 32kB of on-chip memory

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Intel MCS 96 Microcontrollers

• HSIO Family - The three microcontrollers in this
  family are 8xC196KB, 8xC196KD, 8xC196KE. Some of
  their key features
• Up to 20 MHz Operation
• Fast Register to Register Architecture
• Up to 1000 Bytes Register RAM
• Up to 32K internal OTPROM
• Dynamically Configurable 8- or 16-bit Buswidth
• HOLD/HLDA Bus Protocol
• 8-Channel High Speed I/O (HSIO) Subsystem
• 16-bit Timer
• 16-bit Counter
• Up to 3 Dedicated PWM Generators
• Full Duplex Serial Port
• 16-Bit Watchdog Timer
• Eight Channel 8- or 10-bit A/D Converter
• Five 8-Bit I/O Ports
• IDLE and POWERDOWN Modes
• Peripheral Transaction Server (PTS)

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Motorola and PICmicro
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The Winner

• For our excellent needs the Intel Pentium 4 with
  Hyper Threading Technology Extreme Edition will
  be used.

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Real Winner

• Why?
• Free Samples (we already have 5)
• Max Speed
• Amount of Memory
• Usability
• Components that we already possess (Development
  Board)
• A lot of information on the PIC available
• Meets our criteria for a microcontroller

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Wireless Options

• The wireless device is the embedded systems eyes
  and ears
• Considerations
• Cost
• Amount of development
• Difficulty of development
• Availability of supplies
• Size

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Wireless Component Options

• Atmel AT86RF211
• Compact Flash
• IOSoft ER21 Development board w/ WiFi PC card

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Final Choice

• Compact Flash Wireless LAN card
• Development level
• Cost
• Size

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Wireless Pros and Cons

• Atmel
• Easy to use
• Simple Serial Interface
• Expensive
• Limited Availability
• Little Development
• Relatively large

• Compact Flash
• More development needed
• Inexpensive
• Around 65 each
• Readily available
• Fits our initial goal
• Develop wireless embedded systemnot purchase one

• IOSoft
• Expensive
• Around 250 each
• Very little development
• Smaller than Atmel, but still large
• Limited Availability

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Display Options

• The display technology is the face of the
  embedded design.
• Criteria for choosing a display
• A small LCD based display (lt 4)
• This limitation due to size and power constraints
• Ability to provide graphical information to the
  user
• Allow for 2D animated graphics

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LCD Display Options

• Three options were considered for our project
• Multi-line Character Displays
• PDA style LCD display
• 84 X 48 Pixels Graphical LCD
• Used in Nokia 3310 cell phones

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Multiplexed Character Displays

• One form of LCD display is the multi-line
  character display
• Several of these could be combined to form an
  effective graphical display area
• Advantages
• Easy to interface
• Disadvantages
• Obvious gaps in the effective display

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PDA Style LCD

• Two examples
• Samsung UG24U01WGHT3A
• Sharp LQ035Q7DB02
• Advantages
• Excellent resolution and color capabilities
• Disadvantages
• Harder to interface
• High power consumption
• High Cost

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Final Choice

• The 84 X 48 pixels Graphical LCD
• Advantages
• Compact size (1 X 1)
• Low power needs
• Easy to interface
• Low cost
• Disadvantages
• Might be too simple for the projects needs
  towards its completion

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Software Design Overview

• Software System Block Diagram
• Software will be developed mostly in C, but may
  contain parts written in assembly

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Software Components

• Operating System
• Develop a basic OS kernel to run on the PIC
  microcontroller
• Create a very simple GUI for the OS
• Hardware Drivers
• Develop drivers for the LCD and CompactFlash
  interfaces
• Network Protocols
• Develop IP stack with support for UDP
• Graphics Library
• Develop a simple graphical library to abstract
  the drawing of images onto the display
• Applications
• Develop one or more applications that will take
  advantage of the wireless and graphical
  capabilities of the device

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Project Costs

• Initial cost estimate

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Conclusion

• While not using the most modern if components,
  this project will include many aspects of modern
  design methodology.
• The end product will be a fully functional device
  that would be very similar to currently produced
  consumer product.
• This project will provide a great deal of
  experience in many different technologies, such
  as embedded systems, Wireless Ethernet, and
  Software design.