__NELSON_______ Carried out the first significant stratigraphic archaeology

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REVIEW GUIDE Match the major contribution of
each of these important archaeologists with
his/her name.
__NELSON_______ Carried out the first
significant stratigraphic archaeology
__TAYLOR_______ A Study of Archaeology
(1948) __FORD__________ Developed seriation to
build ceramic chronologies __KIDDER________
Pioneered then-revolutionary techniques including
__BINFORD_______ The New Archaeologyscienti
fic, logical, and __DEAGAN________ Historical
archaeology of oldest continuously occupied
__MOORE_________ An antiquarian, but one who
published reports and donated __SPAULDING_____
pointed out that archaeology is about patterns in
the form of
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REVIEW GUIDE What are the time dependent
processes behind each of these dating techniques?
radiocarbon dating The time dependent process
is radioactive decay of C-14. seriation The time
dependent process is stylistic change. thermolumin
escence dating The time dependent process is the
accumulation of trapped electrons in the crystal
lattice of a mineral (stone or pottery). dendrochr
onology The time dependent process is seasonal
tree growth that varies from year to
year. potassium-argon dating The time dependent
process is the radioactive decay of
K-40. fluorine dating The time dependent process
is fossilization or increase in fluorapatite
over time increase in fluorine with increasing
age.
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REVIEW GUIDE Name the four subfields of
anthropology and describe the specific kinds of
data and questions addressed by each. What
common concepts and methods unite these disparate
projects?
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1. Name and define the four subfields of
anthropology, describing the specific kinds of
data and questions addressed by each. Show how
the six common concepts and methods that unite
these disparate projects are applicable at
Grasshopper Pueblo.

• the concept of culture
• define
• grasshopper example
• 2. principle of cultural relativity
• define
• grasshopper example
• holistic perspective
• evolutionary perspective
• the comparative method
• 6. empirical method

C
A
Anthropology is
B
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REVIEW GUIDE What is a cultural chronology?
Draw one for the Mogollon region before, during
and after the occupation of Grasshopper Pueblo,
using specific information from Reid and
Whittlesey.
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2. What is a cultural chronology? Draw one for
the Mogollon region before, during and after the
occupation of Grasshopper Pueblo, using specific
information from Reid and Whittlesey.

• GOALS OF MODERN ARCHEOLOGY
• A. Construct Cultural Chronology
• Reconstruct Past Lifeways
• 1. subsistence
• 2. settlement pattern
• 3. social structure
• C. Explain Cultural Processes

Definewhat cultures existed when In a particular
region (form, time, space) Does not need to
explain why, just accounts for the sequence of
events
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SPANIARDS
1500
APACHE
Abandonment
1400
Dispersal
S E C O N D D R O U G H T
satellites
Aggregation Period
1330
Good weather, rapid growth
1299
1300
Increasing sedentism
G R E A T D R O U G H T
1276
Establishment Period
Mog at Chodistaas
Mog at Grasshopper Pueblo
Anasazi at Grasshopper SpringsPueblo
Living as mobile hunter-gatherer-gardeners in
mntns.
1200
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REVIEW GUIDE Describe how archaeologists find
archaeological sites. What do they look for,
where do they look and what are three different
methods of looking beneath the surface of the
ground without disturbing the soil?
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3. Describe how archaeologists find
archaeological sites. What do they look for and
where do they look? Name and explain three
different methods of looking beneath the surface
of the ground without disturbing the soiland why
they might be preferable to digging.

• Known sites, oral history, written documents in
  archives surveys windshield, surface survey,
  subsurface (plowzone, shovel test, power auger)
  sampling.Gumshoe survey.
• Looking for human altered environments
  artifacts, bone, architectural debris, altered
  topography, vegetation, fauna look in places
  that could have supported human life in
  pastsources of water, food, resources like wood,
  stone.
• Remote sensing methods air photo, proton
  magnetometer, soil resistivity, ground
  penetrating radar
• Targeted excavation (or none) conserves sites
  digging is destructive!

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REVIEW GUIDE How do archaeologists generate
hypotheses to investigate in their research?
Using examples from Grasshopper Pueblo, explain
and illustrate three different methods for
generating middle range theory.
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4. How do archaeologists generate hypotheses to
investigate in their research? Using examples
from Grasshopper Pueblo, explain and illustrate
three different methods for generating middle
range theory.
Use of analogy define and explain Use of
principle of uniformitarianism define and
explain Middke Range Theory define and explain
Where do we look for well understood cases? 1.
Ethnoarchaeology 2. Oral History
Documents 3. Experimental Archaeology
Examples from Grasshopper Pueblo for each.
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REVIEW GUIDE What major ethical dilemmas
confront archaeologists working in the modern
world? Why might these be particularly troubling
for the majority of Americanist Archaeologists?
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5. What major ethical dilemmas confront
archaeologists working in the modern world? Why
might these be particularly troubling for the
majority of Americanist Archaeologists? And, by
the way, whats wrong with buying antiquities?
Define ethical issue.
Especially troubling?
III. Ethical Issues A. ownership of
artifacts B. destruction of sites due to
progress C. excavation and study of human
remains Principles of Archaeological
Ethics http//www.saa.org/aboutSAA/ethics.html
Whats wrong with buying Antiquities I Looting
of Mimbres Mogollon sites in SW p. 106 Whats
wrong with buying Antiquities II Looting of
Iraq Museum p. 143
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REVIEW GUIDE What kind of an idea is cultural
materialism, and why might it be especially
attractive to archaeologists. Draw and then
narrate a description of a cultural materialist
model of Mogollon culture change based on
Grasshopper Pueblo.
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6. What kind of an idea is cultural materialism?
What makes it especially attractive to
archaeologists? Draw and then narrate a
description of a cultural materialist model of
Mogollon culture change based on Grasshopper
Pueblo.
Kind of idea high level theory define,
explain Explain Wwho invented this paradigm, from
what sources, for what purpose Actually DRAW a
diagram Attractive because a materialist
theory, says infrastructure is most important,
most of data arch have to work with is material
cutlure, representing infrastructure See picture,
write what youve drawn.
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Ideology
Ritual life involves entire Landscape, continues
impt for Dealing with strife, elabortion of Mens
societies to maintain order
Domestic and Political Arrangements
DROUGHT Great Second!!!
SUPER- STRUCTURE
Two previously sep- parate ethnic groups Mens
womens roles Etc.
CAUSALITY
Production and Reproduction
STRUCTURE
Mobile hunter-gatherer-gardeners, forced
to Settle down Competition crowding Poor
health and nutrition, high infant mortality.
INFRASTRUCTURE
MARVIN HARRISSMODEL OF CULTURE
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