Aging

1
Aging AccessibilityGroup 4 International
IssueHS 5413 Current Issues in HealthDepartment
of Health Studies Texas Womans
UniversitySummer I 2003 - Dr. Robin RagerEllen
Perlow-July 1, 2003This document is available in
alternative formats upon request.
2
In memoryDr. Seuss - Theodor Seuss Geisel
(March 2,1904-September 24, 1991) who said it so
wellYou only live once. (1986)(at your local
library - PS 3513 .E2 Y6 1986)
3
Aging a Premier, Universal International
Health Issue

• Aging or Senescence the progressive
  deterioration of virtually every bodily function
  over time (Austad, 1997, 6).
• Aging universal, ubiquitous, omnipresent
  everybody
• Immortality a possibility, ethical? Telomerase
  (Enzyme may offer cell immortality, 1998
  Ettinger, 1965 Fischer, 2000 Telomerase, 1997)

4
Aging a Premier, Universal International
Health Issue

• In our diverse and ever-changing world the ageing
  sic process is one of the few things that
  unifies and defines us all. We all are ageing and
  should celebrate this natural process. Because
  human beings must grow older, ageing is an issue
  that concerns us all (WHO, 2003b). Aging is
  something that happens to all of us. It is a
  natural and virtually inevitable process
  (Atchley, 2000, 3).
• Human species 2003 aging/mortality rate100

5
World Life Expectancy

• (U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Data
  Base, 2002a)
• Table 010. Life Expectancy at Birth, by Sex
• ---------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
• Life Life Life
• Country or area/ expectancy expectancy expectancy
• Year both sexes male female
• ---------------- ---------- ---------- ----------
• WORLDLIFEEXPECTANCY
• 1950 55.8 53.8 57.8
  (222)
• 1975 51.9 51.5 52.2
  (192)
• 2000 63.6 62.0 65.2
  
• 2025 69.1 67.0 71.3
  (4)
• 2050 76.6 74.1 79.3
  (4)
• (data missing for certain countries)

6
Aging Accessibility Premier International
Health Issue

• "Living longer means new health concerns. In
  fact, it is estimated that the number of older
  persons needing long-term care may double over
  the next 25 years 7 million in 1994 14 million
  by 2020 24 million by 2060" (Wellness Councils
  of America, 2002).

7
Accessibility Some Definitions

• Accessibility the ability to access, the state
  of being practicable, feasible, performable,
  achievable, surmountable, attainable, and
  obtainable (Perlow, 2003)
• Adaptive Capacity The genetically set range or
  flexibility of reactions of an organism enabling
  it to respond in different ways to differing
  conditions. (GardenWeb Glossary of Botanical
  Terms. 2002)

8
Accessibility Some Definitions

• Assistive Technology Any aid, device or tool,
  compensatory strategy, used in many different
  environments, information and referral,
  evaluation and recommendation, resources for
  funding, designing, fabricating, repairing, and
  fitting, training, support and follow-through
  service that improves a person's functional
  capability (University of Kentucky.
  Interdisciplinary Human Development Institute,
  2003).

9
Accessibility Some Definitions

• Differability/Differabilities The universal
  diversity of doing things differently. (Perlow,
  2003)
• People with Differabilities People who represent
  the diversity of doing things differently
  Everyone! (Perlow, 2003)

10
Accessibility Some Definitions

• Universal Design "The design of products and
  environments to be usable by all people, to the
  greatest extent possible, without the need for
  adaptation or specialized designThe intent of
  universal design is to simplify life for everyone
  by making products, communications, and the built
  environment more usable by as many people as
  possible at little or no extra cost. Universal
  design benefits people of all ages and abilities
  (NCSU, 2003).

11
Accessibility Some Definitions

• Universal Design "Universal design is the
  design of products and environment to be usable
  by all people, to the greatest extent possible,
  without the need for adaptation or specialized
  design (Stewart, 2002).

12
Prevalence/Incidence Population of China
2000-2050
International Database (U.S. Bureau of the
Census. (2002a, October 10).
13
Prevalence/Incidence U.S. Population 2000-2050
International Database (U.S. Bureau of the
Census. (2002b, October 10).
14
Importance of Issue / Sources

• Aging Flattening of pyramid People who are
  elderly growing percentage of world population
• China population of people 80 years old or more
• 2000 0.9 2025 2.3 2050 8.1 of population
  (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2002a).
• U.S. population of people 80 years old or more
  
• 2000 3.3 2025 4.5 2050 8.0 of population
  (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 2002b).

15
Importance of Issue / Sources

• World Health Organization (2003a) 2000-2025
• Worldwide population of people aged 60 years or
  over 600 million-gt1.2 billion
• Worldwide population people aged 80 or over
  fastest growing population group
• 2000-2025 changing demands on health care
  system, particularly in developing nations (WHO,
  2003d)

16
Importance of Accessibility

• Accessibility global marketplace issue
• 10 or people/most nations-differabilities
• Average age/population-many nations rising
• Results of agingcombinations / accessibility
  issues vision, hearing, dexterity, memory. Few
  organizations can afford to deliberately miss
  this market sector" (W3C WAI, 2003c).

17
Importance of Accessibility

• People who are considered elderly (65 years old)
  are at increased risk for having differabilities
  (Vanderheiden, 1990).
• Continued success of international annual
  California State University at Northridge (CSUN)
  "International Conference on Technology and
  Persons with Disabilities - The Real Oscars
  (CSUN, 2003)

18
(No Transcript)
19
Life -gt Aging -gt Adaptive Capacity Life -gt
Adaptive Capacity -gt Accessibility
20
Prevalence/Incidence Aging Accessibility

• 100

21
Aging Accessibility Health Promotion Strategy

• Original Strategy Celebrations, awareness
  campaigns co-sponsored by WHO, U.N., UNESCO, etc.
  on Aging Accessibility... Decade of .
  International Day of Older Persons (U.N., 2002)

22
Aging Accessibility Health Promotion Strategy

• SOPHE experiences (Perlow, 2002, 2003)
  interviews with IUHPE international health
  education expert (W. Cissell, personal
  communication, 2003), revised strategy
• Internationally incorporation, integration of
  accessibility awareness, training, and practice
  into required Health Ed. curricula (elementary,
  higher, continuing education)

23
Aging Accessibility Health Promotion Strategy
Specifics

• Well-received poster sessions on accessibility
  (Perlow, 2002, 2003) SOPHE (2003) - U.S.
  national health education conferences many
  international participants
• Presentations on aging, accessibility 2004 IUHPE
  International conference, Melbourne, Australia
  (IUHPE, 2003a), IUHPE workshops
• Article submissions-journal of IUHPE (1998)

24
Aging Accessibility Health Promotion Strategy
Specifics

• Active participation committee meetings at IUHPE
  conference presentation of recommended required
  curricula
• Cross-pollination facilitation of international
  collaboration among IUHPE, partners (WHO,
  UNESCO, UNICEF), aging-related agencies (U.S.
  NIA/AARP, 2003), accessibility (ICDRI, 2003
  WorldEnable, 2003 W3C WAI, 2003a)

25
Effectiveness of Strategy

• "Assuring the ability to access or accessibility
  of health education and health care is a standard
  prerequisite for health professionals provision
  of such services. Accessibility training,
  awareness, and practice thus need to be key
  components within the core curriculum of every
  health education program. Our diverse,
  ever-changing, and aging world also demands that
  we achieve and implement this objective" (Perlow,
  2003c).

26
Effectiveness of Strategy

• Once accessibility required "given" in global
  health education curricula, our future health
  educator mentors in elementary and secondary
  schools, and in higher education -- all health
  care professionals (who are aging Members of the
  Class too!) - will ensure that there is a global
  awareness, appreciation, and practice of
  accessibility.
• Health educators enthusiasm accessibility
  issues

27
Advocacy Organization IUHPE

• International Union for Health Promotion and
  Education IUHPE http//www.iuhpe.org/
• IUHPE Mission to promote global health and
  contribute to the achievement of equity of health
  between and within countries of the world
  (IUHPE, 2000).
• Mission matches mission of accessibility.

28
Advocacy Organization IUHPE

• International, independent association of health
  educators, not government-appointed researchers
  and policymakers, politics-free
• Founded 1951, headquartered in Paris
• IUHPE publishes peer-reviewed Promotion
  Education, the International Journal of Health
  Promotion and Education

29
Advocacy Organization IUHPE

• Regional offices worldwide (IUHPE, 2003c)
• IUHPE works closely and collaborates with many
  other global health groups, including WHO,
  UNICEF, UNESCO. WHO headquartered in Geneva,
  UNESCO-Paris (IUHPE, 2003c)
• IUHPE International Expert Panel Directory, 2000
  (IUHPE, 2000) - Expert TWU Dept. of Health
  Studies own Dr. William Cissell, MPH,Ph.D. CHES

30
Summary of Interview with IUHPE Expert Dr.
William Cissell

• In-person telephone interviews (W. Cissell,
  personal communication, June 23 26, 2003)
• IUHPE advocacy success collaboration with
  diversity of global health-related agencies
  institutions, avoids politics network
  iernationally recognized experts
• Dr. Cissell very supportive of proposed
  aging/accessibility health promotion strategy

31

• A for Accessibility!

32
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  ml
• WorldEnable (2003). Retrieved June 26, 2003,
  from http//www.worldenable.net/about.htm

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Selected Assistive Technology Conferences

• ATIA http//www.atia.org/
• CSUN http//www.csun.edu/cod/
• Closing the Gap http//www.closingthegap.com/
  
• RESNA http//www.resna.org/

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Everyone does things differently. Everyone.
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We all are PEOPLE First.

• People with feelings.
• People with hopes.
• People with strengths.
• People with differences.

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We all are People with Differences.

• People with Learning Differences
• People with Cognitive Differences
• People with Mobility Differences
• People with Vision Differences
• People with Hearing Differences ...

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Please see

• The A Diversity of Differences
• handout. On the web with active links to
  resources at
• http//a4access.org/atwhat.html

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Everyone does things differently. Every Day.

• Weather
• Traffic jams
• Family, friends, work
• Desire
• Just because

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Everyone does things differently because of

• Birth
• Illness
• Accident
• Natural Disaster
• Lifestyle Choice, War ... And even if none of
  the above
• Were all getting older. (Really?)

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Everyone needs Access. Every Day.

• Everyone needs
• To go somewhere.
• To do something.
• To have adaptive capacity

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Everyone uses Assistive Technology. Every Day.

• Alarm clocks, calendars, organizers
• Elevators, luggage on wheels, purses
• Cell phones, pagers, magnets
• E-mail, adhesive tape, glue, notepads
• Assistive Technology is Everywhere handout
  http//twu.edu/s_perlow/ateverywhere.html

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Why?

• Although we share many needs, desires, and
  dreams, we all have diverse needs and interests.
• We live in a very diverse society.
• Let us celebrate our diversity!

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The Power of Universal Design

• Universal design allows
• Everyone to do it differently.
• Everyone to do it as s/he does it best.
• Everyone to be happy.
• Universal design, full compatibility, usability,
  and accessibility save everyone !

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Selected Universal Design Sites

• CAST http//www.cast.org/
• National Center for Accessible Media
  http//ncam.wgbh.org/
• TRACE Center http//trace.wisc.edu/
• NCSU. Center for Universal Design
  http//www.design.ncsu.edu/cud/index.html
• U.S. Access Board. http//www.access-board.gov/

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Thank You!
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