Civil War NotesPart 2

1
Civil War Notes--Part 2
2
Here is a run-down of the battles we have covered
so far!

• Ft. Sumter--Confed won
• First Bull Run--Confed won
• Battle of Shiloh--Union won
• Battle of Antietam--Union won?/draw
• Battle of Prairie GroveUnion strategic victory
• Battle of Fredericksburg--Confed won
• Battle of Chancellorsville--Confed won

3
Here are the Commanders we have been through for
each army so far!

• Union--
• Gen. Winfield Scot, fired after First Bull Run
  and McClellan replaces him
• McClellan first after failed attack on Richmond
  and Pope replaces him
• Pope loses at 2nd Bull Run and is fired.
  McClellan replaces him.
• McClellan fired after Battle of Antietam and
  General Burnside takes his place

4
Here are the Commanders we have been through for
each army so far!

• Confederates--
• First Commander was Gen. Joseph Johnston. He is
  wounded at Fair Oaks, VA. Robert E. Lee takes
  his place.

5
Motivation for War has Changed!

• In the beginning it was a war for independence
• After Lincoln issues the Emancipation
  Proclamation, it then becomes a war for freedom
  and to end slavery

6
Grant is Still Winning in the Western Theatre!

• Grant wins the Battle of Vicksburg on July 4,
  1863 after 6 weeks of continually bombarding it.
  It really hurts the Confederates to lose
  Vicksburg. It was their one last major supply
  depot.
• "Vicksburg is the nail head that holds the
  South's two halves together," said Confederate
  President Jefferson Davis.
• Why is this battle important?Vicksburg makes
  Lincoln once again notice Grant and it deeply
  injures the Confed ability to supply their troops

7
Battle of Gettysburg

• Lee plans to try another invasion of the Union
  (remember he tried this before at the Battle of
  Antietam)
• This time his target is Pennsylvania
• Lee meets up with the Union Army in Gettysburg,
  PA on from June 30 to July 3, 1863. Lincoln has
  just fired Gen Burnside and replaced him with Gen
  Meade as Commander of the Union Army!

8
Battle of Gettysburg

• July 1st--Union retreats
• July 2nd--Confed suffer huge casualties
• July 3rd--PICKETTS CHARGE--Lee ordered Gen.
  Pickett to lead 15,000 men across an open field
  and march up a slope towards the Union troops.
  The 15,000 Confed held the low ground and the
  Union held the high ground. As a result, the
  Confed get mowed down by the Union as they
  attempt to climb the slope--it is a disaster for
  the Confed!
• The Confed lose and there are a total of 50,000
  casualties at this battle.
• It is important because this is the LAST time the
  Confed will try to invade the Union

9
Gettysburg Address

• A cemetery was built to memorialize those who
  died at the Battle of Gettysburg. Lincoln gave
  his famous speech at the dedication of this
  cemetery.
• He gave it on Nov. 19, 1863
• He stressed that the war was a test to see if a
  democratic nation could actually survive and he
  reminded Americans of the ideals that our nation
  promised to try to uphold.
• Pg. 605 in text

10
Grant is finally Commander of the Union Army!

• After Gettysburg, Lincoln finally makes Grant
  Commander of the Union Army
• SHERMANS MARCH TO THE SEA--Grant ordered Gen.
  William Tecumseh Sherman to take Atlanta and
  continue on to the Atlantic Ocean. He was
  ordered to destroy and burn anything in his path.
• Sherman captured Atlanta in Sept. 1864. He
  forced the people in Atlanta out of their homes
  and he burned down a large part of the city.
• As he continued to march to the sea, he destroyed
  railroad tracks, killed livestock, destroyed
  farmland, and burned barns, homes, bridges, and
  factories.

11
An Election and a Nine Month Siege

• Lincoln runs for President against Gen.
  McClellan. Lincoln wins!
• Grant begins shelling the Confed capitol at
  Richmond, VA, in June 1864. Lee digs in and
  Grant shells the capitol for NINE MONTHS! Grant
  stops shelling when Lee pulls out of Richmond and
  it falls into Union hands on April 2, 1865.
• Lee retreats to a town called Appomatox Court
  House, VA

12
Lees Surrender

• Lee surrenders at Appomatox Court House, VA, on
  April 9, 1865
• Grant offered generous conditions, which was rare
  for him. Many believe he was generous b/c he had
  great respect for Lee
• TERMS
• Soldiers turn over rifles, officers could keep
  their pistol--they could all keep their horses
• all men could return to their homes and he swore
  they would not be disturbed by U. S. authorities
• Union soldiers began to cheer during the
  surrender and Grant ordered them to be quiet

13
Impact of the Civil War

• 360,000 Union and 250,000 Confed. soldiers lost
  their lives in the war. No other war in U. S.
  history has resulted in so many deaths
• Democratic party lost power and Republican Party
  gained power. The Federal Government gained more
  power and the states lost power--the mere idea of
  possibly seceding from the Union was never
  mentioned again.