Rome 6

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Rome (6)

• Marius/Sulla

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• In 107BC Gen. Marius was elected consul
• Gave poor people jobs as soldiers
• Rome now had a professional standing army
• Gen. Sulla sought and end to his disputes with
  Marius over who should command the army of the
  East
• Sulla persuaded his legions to capture Rome and
  drive Marius into exile
• Declared himself a dictator
• Tried to strengthen the senate
• Took power away from the Assembly of Tribes

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• Army was most powerful element in Rome
• Violence took over law
• Sulla died in 78 BC

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First Triumvirate
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• 3 people of equal power
• 1.Gen. Pompey was a follower of Sulla
• 2.Julius Gaius Caesar- follower of Marius
• 3. Marius Licinius Crassus
• Caesar then took military command of Gaul
  (France)
• Conquered the Celts, pushed into NW Europe
• Crassus- attempting to prove his military skills
  was killed in battle
• Pompey-sole ruler while everyone was gone

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http//www.youtube.com/watch?vl4g5DnhjBjo Video
on Gaul
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• Fearing Caesar would return to Rome with his army
  (as Sulla did)
• Ordered Caesar to stay north of the Rubicon River
  (border of Rome)
• Caesar ignored the order
• Pompey fled to Greece to stage his troops
  preparing for war against Caesar
• Pompey had much large army
• Pompey repelled Caesar's troops at Dyrrhacium
• Pompey attacked days later

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• Gambled everything on a massive cavalry attack on
  Caesars flank
• Attack failed
• Caesar counterattacked and took Pompeys camp
• Pompey narrowly escaped
• He fled to Egypt for support
• Was beheaded by king Ptolemy XIII
• Presented head to Caesar

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Julius Caesar
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• Gave jobs to unemployed
• Public land to the poor
• Citizenship to many people in provinces
• Added representatives from provinces
• Joined forces with Cleopatra and made her Queen
  of Egypt after the death of her brother Ptolemy
• Some considered him a wise ruler who brought
  peace
• Others thought of him as a tyrant who meant to
  put an end to the republic

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• On 3/15/45 BC a group of senators led by Marcus
  Brutus and Gaius Gracchus Cassius stabbed Caesar
  to death
• Roman Republican came to an end and Caesars
  grand-nephew Octavian became the first emperor of
  Rome..