Freshmen Ventures 2004

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Japanese-American
Internment of the 1940s
Group 14
San Jose, CA
Freshmen Ventures 2004
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GROUP 14
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What Does It Mean To Be Free?
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free (fr) adj. freer, freest. 1. Not
imprisoned or enslaved being at liberty. 2. Not
controlled by obligation or the will of another.
3.a. Having political independence. b. Governed
by consent and possessing or granting civil
liberties. c. Not subject to arbitrary
interference by a government. 4.a. Not affected
or restricted by a given condition or
circumstance. b. Not subject to a given
condition exempt. 5. Not subject to external
restraint. 6. Not literal or exact. 7.a. Costing
nothing gratuitous. b. Publicly supported. 8.a.
Not occupied or used. b. Not taken up by
scheduled activities. 9. Unobstructed clear. 10.
Unguarded in expression or manner open frank.
11. Taking undue liberties forward or
overfamiliar. 12. Liberal or lavish. 13. Given,
made, or done of one's own accord voluntary or
spontaneous. 14. Chemistry Physics. a.
Unconstrained unconfined. b. Not fixed in
position capable of relatively unrestricted
motion. c. Not chemically bound in a molecule. d.
Involving no collisions or interactions. e.
Empty. f. Unoccupied. 15. Nautical. Favorable.
16. Not bound, fastened, or attached. 17.
Linguistics. Being a vowel in an open syllable
unchecked by a consonant, as the o in go. --free
adv. 1. In a free manner without restraint. 2.
Without charge. --free tr.v. freed, freeing,
frees. 1. To set at liberty make free. 2. To
relieve of a burden, an obligation, or a
restraint. 3. To remove obstructions or
entanglements from clean. --idiom. for free.
Informal. Without charge. Middle English fre,
from Old English fro. V., from Middle English
freen, from Old English fron, to love, set free.
See prº- below. --freely adv. --freeness n.
Free. The American Heritage Dictionary.
Electronic ed., version 3.5, 1994.
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free (fr) adj. freer, freest. 1. Not
imprisoned or enslaved being at liberty. 2. Not
controlled by obligation or the will of another.
3.a. Having political independence. b. Governed
by consent and possessing or granting civil
liberties. c. Not subject to arbitrary
interference by a government. 4.a. Not affected
or restricted by a given condition or
circumstance. b. Not subject to a given
condition exempt. 5. Not subject to external
restraint. 6. Not literal or exact. 7.a. Costing
nothing gratuitous. b. Publicly supported. 8.a.
Not occupied or used. b. Not taken up by
scheduled activities. 9. Unobstructed clear. 10.
Unguarded in expression or manner open frank.
11. Taking undue liberties forward or
overfamiliar. 12. Liberal or lavish. 13. Given,
made, or done of one's own accord voluntary or
spontaneous. 14. Chemistry Physics. a.
Unconstrained unconfined. b. Not fixed in
position capable of relatively unrestricted
motion. c. Not chemically bound in a molecule. d.
Involving no collisions or interactions. e.
Empty. f. Unoccupied. 15. Nautical. Favorable.
16. Not bound, fastened, or attached. 17.
Linguistics. Being a vowel in an open syllable
unchecked by a consonant, as the o in go. --free
adv. 1. In a free manner without restraint. 2.
Without charge. --free tr.v. freed, freeing,
frees. 1. To set at liberty make free. 2. To
relieve of a burden, an obligation, or a
restraint. 3. To remove obstructions or
entanglements from clean. --idiom. for free.
Informal. Without charge. Middle English fre,
from Old English fro. V., from Middle English
freen, from Old English fron, to love, set free.
See prº- below. --freely adv. --freeness n.
free (fr) adj. freer, freest. 1. Not
imprisoned or enslaved being at liberty. 2. Not
controlled by obligation or the will of another.
3.a. Having political independence. b. Governed
by consent and possessing or granting civil
liberties. c. Not subject to arbitrary
interference by a government. 4.a. Not affected
or restricted by a given condition or
circumstance. b. Not subject to a given
condition exempt. 5. Not subject to external
restraint. 6. Not literal or exact. 7.a. Costing
nothing gratuitous. b. Publicly supported. 8.a.
Not occupied or used. b. Not taken up by
scheduled activities. 9. Unobstructed clear. 10.
Unguarded in expression or manner open frank.
11. Taking undue liberties forward or
overfamiliar. 12. Liberal or lavish. 13. Given,
made, or done of one's own accord voluntary or
spontaneous. 14. Chemistry Physics. a.
Unconstrained unconfined. b. Not fixed in
position capable of relatively unrestricted
motion. c. Not chemically bound in a molecule. d.
Involving no collisions or interactions. e.
Empty. f. Unoccupied. 15. Nautical. Favorable.
16. Not bound, fastened, or attached. 17.
Linguistics. Being a vowel in an open syllable
unchecked by a consonant, as the o in go. --free
adv. 1. In a free manner without restraint. 2.
Without charge. --free tr.v. freed, freeing,
frees. 1. To set at liberty make free. 2. To
relieve of a burden, an obligation, or a
restraint. 3. To remove obstructions or
entanglements from clean. --idiom. for free.
Informal. Without charge. Middle English fre,
from Old English fro. V., from Middle English
freen, from Old English fron, to love, set free.
See prº- below. --freely adv. --freeness n.
Free. The American Heritage Dictionary.
Electronic ed., version 3.5, 1994.
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free (fr) adj. freer, freest. 1. Not
imprisoned or enslaved being at liberty. 2. Not
controlled by obligation or the will of another.
3.a. Having political independence. b. Governed
by consent and possessing or granting civil
liberties. c. Not subject to arbitrary
interference by a government. 4.a. Not affected
or restricted by a given condition or
circumstance. b. Not subject to a given
condition exempt. 5. Not subject to external
restraint.
1. Not imprisoned or enslaved being at liberty.
2. Not controlled by obligation or the will of
another.
3.a. Having political independence. b. Governed
by consent and possessing or granting civil
liberties. c. Not subject to arbitrary
interference by a government.
5. Not subject to external restraint.
Free. The American Heritage Dictionary.
Electronic ed., version 3.5, 1994.
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1. Not imprisoned or enslaved being at liberty.
2. Not controlled by obligation or the will of
another.
3.a. Having political independence. b. Governed
by consent and possessing or granting civil
liberties. c. Not subject to arbitrary
interference by a government.
5. Not subject to external restraint.
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Brief Overview of Internment
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Brief Overview of Internment

• Roosevelt issues Executive Order 9066 on February
  19, 1942
• 120,000 ethnic Japanese relocated to ten
  relocation centers
• 100th Battalion and 442nd Regimental Combat Team
• 1980 Commission on Wartime Relocation and
  Interment of Civilians

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The Interviews
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Eiichi Sakauye
Born January 25, 1910 Place of Birth San Jose,
CA Occupation Farmer Education Jr. College
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Eiichi Sakauye
my constitutional rights were taken away from
me and I felt that we were not treated equally as
other persons of different ethnic backgrounds
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Eiichi Sakauye
Nothing runs like a Deere.
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Eiko Yamaichi
Born October 25, 1924 Place of Birth
Hawaii Occupation Retired High School Career
Center Coordinator Education High School
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Eiko Yamaichi
Map of the location of the ten war relocation
centers
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Eiko Yamaichi
I look back and I think, maybe we couldve
done something, but I doubt it, the feeling was
so strong
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Eiko Yamaichi
Sketches of women at a war relocation center
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Eiko Yamaichi
I think it was really hard for us young girls,
you see, because very time that once a month came
along oh it was really miserable, because you
wanted privacy and couldnt get it
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Jimi Yamaichi
Born October 27, 1922 Place of Birth San Jose,
CA Occupation Carpenter, Private Contractor,
Museum Curator Education Technical High School
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Jimi Yamaichi
Yamaichi was one of the famed No-No Boys
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Jimi Yamaichi
This area here is No Mans land. If you cross
there, they have a right to shoot you. Now, if
you look at the fence, all fences point inward.
A lot of local people consider its for your
protection. Well, if its for our protection,
how come the fence is pointed in and how come
guard towers are on the outside? How come the
guard towers not on the inside to protect us?
Why should they have a warning fence on the
inside?
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Jimi Yamaichi
Scaled replica of guard towers at Tule Lake War
Relocation Center.
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Jimi Yamaichi
Nighttime at Tule Lake
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Katsumi Hikido
Born January 22, 1924 Place of BirthSan
Francisco, CA Occupation Retired Mechanical
Engineer, Retired Corporal of the US Army 442nd
Regiment Education Bachelors and Masters Degree
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Katsumi Hikido
So naturally, no matter how hard the goal was,
they also believed that if they had a difficult
assignment to do, like rescue the lost battalion,
they could count on the 442nd to do their all, to
succeed. And I personally think that that is the
reason why we were committed to so many dangerous
assignments, and I really dont think racial
prejudice had much to do with it.
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Katsumi Hikido
Army uniform of the 442nd
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Katsumi Hikido
442nd with its colors at an award ceremony in
Italy
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Katsumi Hikido
Display of some of the 442nds awards
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"Free" Redefined
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Eiichi Sakauye Freedom
What it means to be free is we were not being
discriminated, were able to travel, or do such
things as any American citizen can do
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Eiko Yamaichi Freedom
What does it mean to be free? First of all
freedom fact that you can go anywhere you wanted
to without any restrictions, and theres no
barbed wire to hold us in, theres no gun
pointing at us, theres no army tank pointing
towards the camp, and you think whatever you want
to thinkand to be able to share thoughts with
someone, be accepted for the way we thought, and
if it wasnt agreeable, that we would be able to
discuss it as human beings, you know
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Jimi Yamaichi Freedom
Nobody ever filed a complaint against us. We
were never charged with anything. Just because
we looked Japanese, thats the only reason why we
were behind a barbed wire fence.
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Katsumi Hikido Freedom
What does it mean to be free? In my view,
freedom is not an individual thing, freedom is a
characteristic of society. When people feel free
when society is such that everybody feels free.
To try to get your freedom at the expense of
everybody else, that means that youre at war
with everybody else in a society in which there
is no freedom
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"Free" Redefined

• Represents a unique group
• Fragility and preciousness of freedom
• Free will
• Equality

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Yesterday Becomes Today
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Those who disregard the past are bound to repeat
it. - George Santayana
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?
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Yesterday Becomes Today
Post 9/11 America

• Aware of the danger
• Subsequent hysteria
• Arab-American minorities
• Governments new reach into private lives
• The new danger

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Yesterday Becomes Today
Lessons Yet To Be Learned

• Defender of internment?
• Racial prejudice or national security
• Educated public
• Standing side by side

Left An American Muslim mourns
Right Congressman Howard Coble (R-NC)
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Dont Fence Me In by Bing Crosby and the Andrew
Sisters
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What happens in San Jose
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and San Francisco
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stays in California...
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or uh something like that?
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Thanks!
Special Thanks to Interviewees Japanese American
Museum of San Jose Sally McDonnell Barksdale
Honors College
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