P1250095215iyQLz

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Some NW ctenophores
http//faculty.washington.edu/cemills/image12.gif
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Close-up of a comb row
http//micscape.simplenet.com/mag/artmay98/comb.ht
ml
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CTENOPHORES diffuse epidermal nerve net plus a
specialized apical sense organ which coordinates
ciliary beats
JA Pechenik (2000) Biology of the Invertebrates
Figs. 7.1 7.2
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Bioluminescence in the ctenophore Eurhamphea
vexiligera
http//www.biolum.org/marine/biolum2/middle/living
lights/lljelly3content.html
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a benthic Ctenophore! (platyctene)
on a starfish arm! (Asteropsis carnifera)
Kailua-Kona, Hawaii
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(No Transcript)
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bi-radial symmetry in a cnidarian!!
plankton - Oahu, Hawaii
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importance of coral/coral reefs symbiotic
association with algae (zooxanthellae,
zoochlorellae) makes them key primary
producers coral tissues are food for many reef
animals, including fish, worms, molluscs,
etc. skeletons give long term structure to the
reef, providing microhabitats for tons of
critters (fish, lobsters, worms, crabs, molluscs,
echinoderms, and on on) coral reef habitats
are some of the most diverse habitats on earth
(i.e. that have high "biodiversity") coral reef
habitats could provide sustainable harvests for
humans toxins and other chemical compounds
derived from reef creatures have pharmaceutical
potential
photo GBRMBPA
mass spawning in Acropora photo AIMS
http//www.reef.crc.org.au/aboutreef/coral/coral.h
tml
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reported environmental problems with coral reefs
around the world (1997-2002)
Frank, U. and O. Mokady (2002) Coral biodiversity
and evolution Recent molecular contributions.
Can. J. Zool. 80 1723-1734.
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Callum, M. et al (2002) Science 295 1280-1284
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JAMAICA REEFS, pre-1970S
OVERFISHING ? predatory fish ? herbivorous
fish
(algal growth kept in check)
Terence P. Hughes (1994) Catastrophes, Phase
Shifts, and Large-Scale Degradation of a
Caribbean Coral Reef. Science 265 1547-1551.
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JAMAICA REEFS, 1970S
OVERFISHING ? herbivorous fish ? Diadema
antillarum
(algal growth still kept in check)
http//life.bio.sunysb.edu/ marinebio/coralreef.ht
ml
Terence P. Hughes (1994) Catastrophes, Phase
Shifts, and Large-Scale Degradation of a
Caribbean Coral Reef. Science 265 1547-1551.
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JAMAICA REEFS, 1983

• PATHOGEN
• ? Diadema antillarum
• ?growth of brown, fleshy algae
• coral larval settlement
• ? coral growth rates

Terence P. Hughes (1994) Catastrophes, Phase
Shifts, and Large-Scale Degradation of a
Caribbean Coral Reef. Science 265 1547-1551.
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Nystrom, Folke Moberg (2000) Coral reef
resilience and disturbance in a human-dominated
environmentTREE 15 413-417
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Timothy R. Mcclanahan and Nyawira A. Muthiga
(1998) An ecological shift in a remote coral
atoll of Belize over 25 years. Environment.
Conserv. 25 122130.
an example of a phase shift in coral reefs
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Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci)
Triton Trumpet (Charonia tritonis)
Acropora cf.tenuis
http//www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/ pierofun/planci
/planci.htm
http//www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/ pierofun/planci
/planci.htm
(...and many other coral)
http//www.coralreefnetwork.com/ marlife/inverts/a
steroid.htm