Close your eyes and begin to relax

1

• Close your eyes and begin to relax
• take a deep breath
• and let it out slowly
• concentrate on your breathing
• with each breath you become more relaxed
• imagine a brilliant white light above you
  focusing on this light as it flows through your
  body
• allow yourself to drift off as you fall deeper
  and deeper into a more relaxed state of mind
• now as I count backward from ten to one
• you feel more peaceful, and calm
• ten
• nine...
• eight
• seven...
• six...
• you will enter a safe place where nothing can
  harm you
• five
• four
• three...
• two...

2
HAMLET

• And now

3
1 QuestionWHERE???

• All we know who Hamlet is but
• Do you know where his story take place???

4
WHERE???

• Helsingør is a city in Helsignor on the northeast
  coast of the island of Zeeland in eastern
  Denmark. It is known internationally as the
  setting of William Shakespeare's Hamlet, whence
  the spelling 'Elsinore' originated

5
Wow fantasticbut exactly WHERE???

• Easy HERE!!!

6
Do you think Hamlet is an invenction of William
Shakespeare???pace allanima sua

• No
• Dear friend
• The original version is ancient

7
Hamlet ancient origin

• The story on which Hamlet is based was an
  ancient one versions of it are found in
  Byzantine, Greek, and Roman myth.
• The Danish story probably came to Shakespeare
  through an earlier play, now lost.
• Rorik was real enough, a viking who was King of
  Jutland. But Rorik's grandson, Amleth, was a
  figure of legend rather than history, a heroic
  avenger who outsmarted his rivals and ended up
  with two wives.
• Rorik's daughter, Gerutha, was given in
  marrriage to his favourite, Horwendil, whose son
  was Amleth.

8
The saga of Feng and Amleth

• The original story is very similar to
  Shakespeare's play.
• Feng murders his brother out of jealousy and
  marries Gerutha (Amleth's mother)
• Amleth pretends to be witless to save himself
• his sanity is tested by the suspicious Feng
• he is sent to England guarded by two of Feng's
  retainers, who carry a death letter
• Amleth alters the letter to order the deaths of
  the retainers and his own marriage to the King's
  daughter
• he returns to Jutland and, after a celebratory
  feast, burns the Great Hall full of drunken
  nobles and murders his uncle, avenging his
  father.
• Shakespeare's Hamlet does not pursue the story
  beyond this point.

9
umh

• yes, intresting but
• Where was acted the first time this play???

10
THE WOODON O

• A crowd of twentieth century "groundlings" stands
  in the open yard of the new Globe Theatre in
  Bankside, London.
• Admission is 5.00 in the early 1600's, at the
  first Globe Theatre, Shakespeare's "Wooden O,"
  groundlings (commoners) paid one English penny.
• The Globe had a central "discovery place." Double
  doors, covered with finely embroidered hangings,
  a curtain or both enabled the actor to reach the
  upper level for balcony scenes.
• Above that was a room with machinery for special
  effects cannon were fired, angels or ghosts
  descended and a trap door in the floor led to
  hell.
• Wooden stage posts, painted to look like marble,
  supported a canopy that represented heaven,
  filled with clouds, stars, moons and the sun. The
  canopy did double duty, protecting the actors and
  their costumes from the sun.
• The Globe burned to the ground in less than an
  hour, but the audience of three thousand managed
  to escape through the two exits.

11
Now we know wherebut

• Tell me something about the author

12
William Shakespeare

• was born on 23 of April in 1564 in
  Stratford-upon-Avon.
• Educated at the local grammar school, young
  Shakespeare would be transported
  by the travelling players. He began
  working as an actor and playwright with several
  companies including The Queens Men,
  Pembroke's Men and Lord Strange's Men.
• The troupes often disbanded and regrouped. To
  avoid the restrictions imposed by authorities,
  theatres were built outside the walls of London.
• In 1576, James Burbage, an actor/manager, built a
  playhouse at Shoreditch, a leased site in
  Finesbury Fields. He called it The Theatre.
• Shakespeare was a charter member of a new theatre
  company under the patronage of Lord Hunsdon,
  Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth and an officer of
  the Privy Council, in charge of Her Majesty's
  entertainment.
• The company rented a playhouse, the Curtain, for
  two years, but 1597 and 1598 brought a reversal
  in their fortunes and the company was forced to
  sell the playbooks of Richard III, Richard II,
  Henry IV and Love's Labor Lost.
• Shakespeare probably agreed to write two plays a
  year for the company.
• Shakespeare's company played the Globe in winter
  and summer until 1608, when the company began to
  play winters indoors at the Blackfriar's theatre.
  Shakespeare retired to Stratford-upon-Avon in
  1613 and died in 1616.

13
Umh ok Hamlet

• Other type of plays at that time???

14
Thomas Kyd and Revenge Tragedy

• The source for Shakespeare's play was probably a
  Hamlet play by Thomas Kyd, now lost, which
  scholars refer to as the Ur-Hamlet.
• Thomas Kyd also wrote the first famous revenge
  tragedy, The Spanish Tragedy.
• It was first played around 1590   Revenge drama
  became a popular genre in the late sixteenth and
  early seventeenth centuries.

15
The Spanish Tragedy Plot Summary

• Revenge brings the Ghost of Andrea on stage to
  witness the end of Balthazar, who slew Andrea in
  combat under dubious circumstances.  They remain
  on stage throughout the play, making occasional
  commentary on impending doom. 
• Brave Horatio captures. Balthazar of Portugal in
  battle and brings him to the Spanish court.  His
  prisoner is not imprisoned, but is given freedom
  in the trusting care of Lorenzo.  Balthazar then
  seeks to win the hand of Bel-Imperia, widow of
  the late Andrea. 
• She, however, is loathe to marry her husband's
  murderer and falls in love with Horatio.  This
  fact, plus Horatio's previous victory, incenses
  Balthazar, who, with the encouragement and help
  of Lorenzo (boo, hiss), brutally murders
  Horatio. 
• They and their accomplices kidnap Bel-Imperia in
  order to hide her and to let Balthazar woo her. 
  Hieronimo, Horatio's bereaved father, desires
  vengeance, but is ignorant of the identity of the
  murderers until Bel-Imperia sends him a letter
  indicting her ruthless brother and the foreign
  prince. 
• Hieronimo hesitates, fearing that the letter is a
  trick.  Meanwhile, Lorenzo, fearing discovery,
  coolly disposes of his two trusting accomplices,
  but Hieronimo discovers a letter on the body of
  one of them, which confirms the guilt of Lorenzo
  and Balthazar. 
• He then suffers lapses of madness and considers
  suicide.  His wife, driven to madness by the
  delay in revenge for her son, does kill herself. 
  Bel-Imperia chastises Hieronimo for not having
  avenged Horatio's death and pushes him toward the
  final scene.  He plans a presentation of a play
  to the court, using his avowed enemies as
  players.  They, along with Bel-Imperia, take
  parts. 
• In full view of all, they present the play. 
  Hieronimo stabs Lorenzo, whereupon Bel-Imperia
  stabs Balthazar and herself.  Hieronimo drags out
  the body of his dead son and briefly unfolds the
  tale.  When pressed for further details, he bites
  off his tongue. 
• He then stabs Lorenzo's innocent father with a
  penknife and commits suicide.  Andrea's ghost
  comments and asks to be allowed to judge the
  guilty and assign their penalties.  This request
  is granted by Revenge, who takes him to the dark
  regions where the guilty will "begin their
  endless tragedy."

16
Very intresting

• We know who wright this play
• Where it take palce
• Other similar
• But

17
Lets talk about the

• PSICOLOGY

• of the main characters

18
Hamlet

• Hamlet

19
Hamlet

• Son of the late King Hamlet of Denmark and nephew
  to the present King.
• Famous for the graveyard scene where holding the
  skull of deceased jester Yorick, Hamlet realizes
  man has little lasting control over his fate and
  also for describing man as the "paragon of
  animals!".
• Hamlet resents his mother Queen Gertrude
  marrying King Claudius only after two months from
  his father's death.
• Distrustful of King Claudius, Hamlet is equally
  weary of the King's spies, Guildenstern and
  Rosencrantz who attempt to know his true
  intentions.
• When Hamlet meets King Hamlet's Ghost and learns
  that King Claudius murdered his father, he want
  to revenge his father's death.
• To this end, Hamlet distrusts and rejects all
  those around him whom he believes are spying on
  him for King Claudius.
• Fearing that his intentions could be revealed,
  Hamlet invents a madness to distract and hide his
  true intentions.This includes Ophelia, the women
  he loves whom he bitterly rejects when he learns
  she has betrayed him.
• At the end of the play, Hamlet kills both
  Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (indirectly),
  Laertes and finally King Claudius before dying
  himself from a wound inflicted by Laertes.

20

• Claudius

• Horatio

• The present King of Denmark took Queen Gertrude
  whom he loves but Hamlet believes his mother has
  betrayed him and his father's memory.
• Cautious and suspicious, Claudius has courtiers
  Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and Hamlet's love
  interest Ophelia spying on Hamlet.
• Distrustful of Hamlet and his "madness", King
  Claudius sent Hamlet to England to be killed when
  he saw him like a threat.

• Friend to Hamlet and the one person Hamlet truly
  trusts. Witnesses King Hamlet's Ghost .
• At the end of the play, Horatio want to kill
  himself to join Hamlet in death but Hamlet
  convinces him to live so he can tell his story,
  restoring Hamlet's name.

21

• Queen of Denmark and Hamlets mother.
• She married King Claudius only after two months
  by King Hamlet's death.
• Queen Gertrude loves her son and said him that
  she never forget her husband she attempt to
  justify her actions and her remarrying so
  quickly. Queen loves Hamlet she realizes her
  wrong when Hamlet scolds her heavily .
• She agrees to no longer share King Claudius' bed,
  and help her son by hiding Hamlet's true mental
  state from King Claudius.
• She dies from a poisoned cup of wine prepared for
  Hamlet.

• Lord Chamberlain. He serves King Claudius hes
  the father of Laertes and Ophelia.
• When news of Hamlet's madness circulate,
  Polonius is certain that his daughter Ophelia is
  responsible, because Hamlet fell in love whit
  her.
• Worried by Hamlet's intentions for his daughter
  , Polonius orders Ophelia to keep her distance.
  Later when King Claudius needs information,
  Polonius uses his daughter to spy on Hamlet.
• He even has Reynaldo, a servant spy. Polonius is
  killed by Hamlet when he attempts to listen on a
  conversation between Hamlet and Queen Gertrude.
• Because of his fathers death Ophelia became
  crazy.

• Gertrude

• Polonius

22

• Laertes

• Ophelia

• Polonius' son. He is admired for his fencing
  skills.
• Laertes' role in this play is minor until the
  death of his father Polonius. Laertes is
  available in the comparisons of King Claudius .
• He conspiring to kill Hamlet with the help of
  King Claudius.
• We see little of Laertes' inner character however
  since he responds to events continuously.
• He dies like a victim of Hamlet , pierced by his
  same sword sprinkled of poison.

• She is Poloniuss daughter. Shes loved by
  Hamlet.
• She began crazy after his father death.
• She obey to her father and ignores Hamlet's
  court.
• Receives advice on how to live from brother
  Laertes .
• Ophelia betrays him, spying on him for King
  Claudius.
• She drowns in circumstances that suggest a
  possible suicide.

23

• Fortinbras

• Rosencrantz,
• Guildenstern

• Prince of Norway. The son of King Fortinbras,
  Young Fortinbras ,who was defeated by King
  Hamlet, has raised an army to reclaim the lands
  lost.

• Courtiers to King Claudius, both these men grew
  up with Hamlet.
• As a result King Claudius recruits them to spy on
  Hamlet for him. Neither man has a problem trading
  in their friendship to betray Hamlet they serve
  the King.
• Both die when the instructions they bear from
  King Claudius are altered by Hamlet to instruct
  King Claudius' English associates to kill those
  bearing his commission immediately (Rosencrantz
  and Guildenstern).

24
Okokand now

• last question
• Tell me about the
• Themes of this opera

25
in hamlet there are some soliloquybut

• what is a soliloquy?

26

• a SOLILOQUY is an introspective speech, delivered
  when the speaker is alone on the stage. 
• It is used by the playwright to reveal a
  character's innermost thoughts.
• For example, Henry V's "Ceremony" soliloquy
  reveals Henry's thoughts about the burden of
  kingship.

27

• Principal Hamlet Soliloquies are seven, all
  centred on the most important existential themes
  
• the emptiness of existence,
• suicide,
• death,
• suffering,
• action,
• a fear of death which puts off the most momentous
  decisions,
• the fear of the beyond,
• the degradation of the flesh,
• the triumph of vice over virtue,
• the pride and hypocrisy of human beings,
• and the difficulty of acting under the weight of
  a thought

28
The most famous one is the number 4  To be, or
not to be that is the question Whether 'tis
nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and
arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms
against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end
them? 
29

• After a secret reunion of the king, the
  queen(Hamlets mother) and Polonius they decided
• to make Hamlet meets the Polonius daughter
  Ophelia and to spy him during this meet to
• discover if his madness was a consequence of his
  love for the girl.
• He pronounces the famous soliloquy while he is
  waiting for the girl.
• Here Hamlet shows his dilemma, and gives
  audiences a confronting view of what goes through
  the mind of a teen in anguish.

30
Class iussues
revenge
Teen angst
Natural order
inevitability

• Main themes are

Familial relations
death
love
madness
31
Questioning of Death

• The pondering of death usually comes during teen
  years, as teens become less certain of their own
  mortality and that of the people that they
  love. Hamlet faces both of these when he loses
  his father. 
• He realises that life does not last forever,
  prompting questions of his own death. As do most
  teens, Hamlet thinks about suicide, contemplating
  whether it could be justified as legitimate in
  such a miserable world.
• He is however, afraid of what lies beyond life,
  as are many who are in the same situation. 

..
32
Familial relations

• In Hamlet there are various familial
  relationships.  Its interesting to note the
  contrast between the family unit of Polonius,
  Laertes and Ophelia and Hamlet's relationships
  with the Ghost of Hamlet Sr., to Gertrude and to
  Claudius or the different reactions of Hamlet,
  Laertes and Fortinbras, all sons confronted,
  with father's death.

.
33
Revenge

• The idea of exacting revenge for a crime is
  foreign to modern society we have to think of
  something quite outside the law to come up with
  an equivalent.
• The conflict between the law and direct revenge
  that we perceive was less clear in Shakespeare's
  time, as the attitude to duelling attests
• but Hamlet was faced with possibly a deeper
  conflict between the Christian teachings of
  patience and turning the other cheek and the
  ancient desire for blood revenge. Hamlet must
  seek vengeance for his fathers murder.

This becomes his sole purpose and he seems to
forget all other aspects of his life, even his
love for Ophelia. During his quest for revenge,
he accidentally murders his lovers father,
Polonius, sparking Polonius son Laertes to seek
vengeance against him.  A circle of retribution
with Laertes begins, as he teams-up with Claudius
to avenge Polonius and Ophelia while Claudius is
also anxious to be rid of the melancholy Prince.
If for every murder there must be a retaliatory
killing, the vicious circle would never
end.  This is a notion that Shakespeare may have
been commenting upon in the writing of Hamlet.
.
.
34
Inevitability
King Now, Hamlet, wheres Polonius? Hamlet
At supper. King At supper, where? Hamlet
Not where he eats, but where he is eaten a
certain convocation of politic worms are een at
him.  Your Worm is your only emperor for diet we
fat all creatures else fat to us, and we fat
ourselves for maggots Your fat king and your
lean beggar is but variable service, two dishes,
but to one table thats the end. King Alas,
alas! Hamlet A man may fish with the worm that
hath eat of a king, and eat of the fish that hath
fed of that worm.
This section of text is interesting because it
clearly reveals Hamlets thoughts regarding
death, which is essentially a circle of life
theory. This also indicates the popular belief
that death was a great leveller and all shall be
judged alike in their own time. 

• Hamlets quest sees him become very interested in
  death. 
• He ponders the fact that every living being dies,
  even great Kings.

.
35
Natural Order

• It is interesting to note that every death that
  takes place is of unnatural origin.
• We see deaths of poisoning, murder, injury,
  execution and suicide. This coincides with the
  view of righting the natural order. 
• As the Kingdom of Denmark is being ruled by this
  government that was not truly appointed, chaos
  ensues and each one of the unnatural or
  morally corrupt players are killed. 
• By this, the diseased nation will once again
  return to health. 

.
36
Teen Angst

• One of the reasons that Shakespeare remains so
  popular, even in todays modern world, is that it
  holds universal themes. 
• Teen angst is as recognised now as it was in
  Elizabethan times. 
• Two main issues that are dealt with in regard to
  what teens undergo in everyday life are
  questioning of death, and love.

.
37
Love

• For as long as human kind have existed so too
  have the troubles of love, for love can so easily
  turn to hate which can be just as passionate. 
• This is especially intensified around the teenage
  years, as youth they begin to search for their
  love and encounter difficulties of the heart.
•  Hamlet is seen to go through these same trials
  as his love for Ophelia is put to the test. 
• Unfortunately their feelings for each other are
  dulled by Hamlets disillusionment result of his
  mothers indiscretions.
•  Ophelia is destroyed by her loss of Hamlet and
  essentially the future throne, driven by madness
  to suicide.

.
38
Madness
Claudius himself is conscious of the fact that
the conduct and words of his nephew are at one
and the same time completely irrational and
absolutely coherent. Hamlets madness has not
only the effect of disturbing those around him,
it also allows him the freedom to transgress the
courts rules of etiquette and obedience without
incurring in an immediate punishment. Hamlet,
under cover of madness, takes on the role of a
critical and sardonic commentator on the schemes
of other characters.

• Most of the characters observing Hamlets
  behaviour cant agree whether it is fake and
  calculating or whether the prince really is
  suffering from a mental illness threatening the
  sovereign reasons which separates men from beasts.

.
39
Class Issues
Ophelia becomes victim to her class in several
ways, firstly being forced by her father Polonius
into love for Hamlet as a means of gaining the
throne.  Her failure to achieve this partially
leads her to the riverbank, where she will commit
suicide.  The second influence of her social
class is more symbolic, but does in essence kill
her.  Women of that time were expected to wear
heavy clothes in a bid for aesthetic beauty.  As
Ophelia hurls herself into the river below, it is
the heavy weight of her garments (expectations of
her class) that drag her down and drowns her.  In
this way, she too becomes a victim to the social
class standards of her time.

• Hamlet gives a portrayal of life at court, the
  elite of society at that time in history.  
• Hamlet sees the downfall of characters Hamlet and
  Ophelia, partially as a result of the
  expectations of their social class. 
• Polonius is present in the Queens room
  discussing Hamlets indecorous behaviour (seen to
  be mad, according to their social group) when
  Hamlet accidentally slays him.

.
40
And nowwhat else???
41

• Presentation by
• Silver
• Wanda
• Elly Z
• Elly S
• Special thanks to
• Sara Z (for the music)
• Dream Theater (for the music)

The end