EyeDraw: Enabling children with severe motor impairments to draw with their eyes

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EyeDraw Enabling children with severe motor
impairments to draw with their eyes

• Paper By Anthony Hornof Anna Cavender
• Presentation By Erik Dennis

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About EyeDraw

• EyeDraw is a software program that, when run on a
  computer with an eye tracking device allows users
  with severe motor disabilities to draw with
  their eyes
• Has been completed in two versions, Version 1 and
  Version 2

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About Users

• The users are classified as severe motor
  disabilities which means that they can not move
  their limbs or speak, such as partial paralysis
  from Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, brain injury,
  or cerebral palsy
• Designed for children specifically because they
  have special interaction and communication needs
  that if impeded will hinder social, emotional,
  educational and creative development

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Additional Eye Systems

• Quick Glance eyetechds.com
• VisionKey eyecan.ca
• LC Technologies Eyegaze eyegaze.com (The system
  which users were familiar with)

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Stages of Drawing

• Random scribble
• Controlled scribble
• Basic forms
• Early pictorial
• Later pictorial

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Problems with free-eye drawing

• It was hard for children to draw recognizable
  objects (see figures)
• Free-eye drawing combines the activity of eye
  movements to view the drawing and movements to
  draw the lines

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Problem with free-eye drawing

• People do not have the same control over their
  eyes as they do their hands which means that the
  eyes can not move in slow adjusting movements
• The ink pours in from the gaze which causes the
  Midas touch, anything looked at becomes active

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EyeDraw Terminology

• Gazepoint the point in a scene where a person
  in looking
• Gaze Vector that goes from the eye to the
  gazepoint
• Saccade a series of quick jumps caused by the
  gaze
• Fixation when the gazepoint is stationary for
  approx 400 ms
• Dwell long fixation

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How EyeDraw Works

• Rather than actually drawing, the user manages
  the drawing process
• EyeDraw instead of drawing a continuous line
  which follows the gaze of the eyes, selects the
  starting point and the ending point

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How EyeDraw Works

• Below is a diagram of how the process of drawing
  is done with the EyeDraw system

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EyeDraw V.1
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Additional features of V.1

• Grid dots
• Undo
• Save

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1st Evaluation of V.1

• Original participants were non-disabled, age
  range 7 36
• Rating of task in mean(1-easiest,
  4-hardest)Program easy to learn (1.6)Easy to
  use (1.7)Clicking on buttons (1.2)Saving
  drawings (1.3)Controlling they eye cursor
  (2.2)Controlling the drawing (2.3)

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2nd Evaluation of V.1

• Evaluation by two members of the target audience
• User 1 18yr old female which used eyegaze
  system up to 8 hours a day
• User 2 61yr old male with a Masters in
  Rehabilitation Counseling

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2nd Evaluation of V.1

• User 1Pros In control, enjoyed drawingsCons
  Not a part of the Eyegaze menu, sometimes the eye
  cursor was jerky and unstable, had to wait for
  the dot to change colors
• User 2Had difficulty with program, knowing
  when eye cursor was in/out of range as done in
  other Eyegaze software

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Examples of work from V.1
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EyeDraw V.2
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Improvements made for V.2

• Display camera so that user knows when they are
  in/out of range
• User-defined settings, such as the dwell
  threshold
• Audio feedback reporting the current state of the
  eye cursor
• Rectangle and polygon drawing tools
• Stamps/Clip art that can be place
• Dot on/Dot off which allows the parking of the
  eye cursor

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1st Evaluation of V.2

• Twelve users ages 6-14, only two users had
  evaluated V.1
• Two drawing sessions of 15min each which resulted
  in 53 drawings.5 controlled scribble, 13 basic
  form, 11 early pictorial, 21 later pictorial

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2nd Evaluation of V.2

• Four members of the target audience, two members
  had evaluated V.1
• Users had more success using V.2 than V.1
• Easy to use and has more functionality than V.1

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Examples of work from V.2