Logic Models and OutcomesBased Prevention

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Logic Models and Outcomes-Based Prevention

• SPF-SIG Grantees Mtg.
• Sept 24, 2007
• Mary Lay, IPRC
• Sheila Nesbitt, Central CAPT

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Describe the Program

• Logic Model Defined
• Description of what a program is expected to
  achieve and how it is expected to work
• A map linking together a projects goals,
  activities, services and assumptions

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Benefits of a Logic Model

• Develops understanding
• Helps monitor progress
• Serves as an evaluation framework
• Helps expose assumptions
• Helps restrain over-promising
• Promotes communication

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Logic Model Formats

• Program-level Logic Models
• Outline the theory behind and contribution of
  specific intervention components and activities
  to change individuals or a population
• Community-level, Outcome-based Logic Models
• Outline the theory behind a multi-faceted effort
  targeting population (community) level outcomes

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Outcome-Based Logic Model

• An Outcome-Based Logic Model for substance abuse
  prevention maps the identified problem in terms
  of three components
• A clear definition of problem(s) to be addressed
  (consequences and behaviors)
• Risk and protective factors/causal factors which
  have scientific evidence of contributing to the
  problem, and
• Prevention strategies (programs, policies,
  practices) with evidence of effectiveness to
  impact one or more risk and protective
  factors/causal factors and/or the targeted
  problem.

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Substance-Related Consequences
Substance Use
Causal Factors
Strategies (Examples)
Also called intervening variables or risk and
protective factors
Programs, policies, practices you will implement
The problems we are trying to prevent/avoid. These
are often the concerns that bring people to the
table. (Alcohol-related Motor Vehicle
Crashes) (H.S. drop-outs)
The substance use and behaviors related to the
consequences.
Factors that lead to the substance use and/or
consequences
Must be evidence-based and relate to the causal
factors in your community
Remember agent, host, environment public health
model.
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Indiana Epi Profile

• Compared nationally, arrest rates for public
  intoxication, DUI, and liquor law violations were
  higher in IN for 18 and older.
• Hoosiers 18-25 reported highest rates of
  admission for alcohol and other tx.

Source IN SEOW, 2006
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Example Logic Model for Alcohol
Risk and Protective Factors/Causal Factors
Substance-Related Consequences
Substance Use
Strategies (Examples)
Alcohol-related MVC Alcohol Dependce. Public
Intox.
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IN Consumption and Behavior

• 27 of Hoosiers 12-20 report alcohol use in the
  past month.
• Hoosiers 18-25 report significantly more binge
  drinking that the rest of the nation.

Source NHSDUH, 2004
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Example Logic Model for Alcohol
Risk and Protective Factors/Causal Factors
Substance-Related Consequences
Substance Use
Strategies (Examples)
Underage Drinking 18-20
Alcohol-related MVC Alcohol Dependce. Public
Intox.
Binge Drinking 21-25
Drinking and Driving 18-25
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SPF SIG New Mexico Community Logic ModelReducing
alcohol-related youth traffic fatalities
Risk and Protective Factors/Causal Factors
Evidence-Based Strategies
Substance-Related Consequences
Substance Use
Underage BINGE DRINKING
Easy RETAIL ACCESS to Alcohol for youth
TBD
Low ENFORCEMENT of alcohol laws
Underage DRINKING AND DRIVING
TBD
High rate of alcohol-related crash
mortality Among 15 to 24 year olds
Easy SOCIAL ACCESS to Alcohol
TBD
Low PERCEIVED RISK of alcohol use
Young Adult BINGE DRINKING
SOCIAL NORMS accepting and/or encouraging youth
drinking
TBD
Young Adult DRINKING AND DRIVING
PROMOTION of alcohol use (advertising, movies,
music, etc)
TBD
Low or discount PRICING of alcohol
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State Role in SPF-SIG Implementation

• Determine priority problem(s) to be addressed
  based on consequence(s)/ consumption patterns
• Determine allocation approach for distributing
  funds to address the problem(s)
• Develop initial logic model identifying
• Consequence/consumption pattern(s) to be
  targeted,
• Factors that contribute to them, and
• Support communities in process of local
  assessment and planning based on States initial
  logic model

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Community Role in SPF-SIG Implementation

• Understand problem to be addressed
• Assess risk and protective factors/causal factors
  for planning purposes
• Determine risk and protective factors/causal
  factors for intervention
• Choose/implement strategies (effective and
  relevant) to address factors
• Goal Develop outcomes-based logic models that
  outline a locally defined strategic response for
  addressing SPF SIG priorities

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Outcome-Based Logic Models

• Represent complex systems of cause and effect
• Encourage planners and implementers to focus on
  the most important and strongest paths for
  creating change
• Must be constantly reviewed/revised to understand
  relationships, adapt to new circumstances, and
  accommodate success

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Logic Model for Reducing Underage Drinking
Substance-Related Consequences
Substance Use
Intervening Variable
Strategies (Examples)
Educate retailers to check ID and enforce
underage sales law
Easy Retail Access to Alcohol for youth
Low enforcement of alcohol laws
Enforce underage alcohol laws
Alcohol-related crash fatalities Alcohol
Poisoning Violence/Crime School Problems Teen
Pregnancy
Easy Social Access to Alcohol (parties, peers,
family)
Source Investigations
Underage drinking
Media Advocacy to Increase Community Concern
about Underage Drinking
Social Norms accepting and/or encouraging youth
drinking (peer, family, community)
Restrictions on alcohol advertising in youth
markets
Promotion of alcohol use (advertising, movies,
music)
Bans on alcohol price promotion/happy hours
Low or discount pricing of alcohol