SUBSTANCE ABUSE

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SUBSTANCE ABUSE

• ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, AND OTHER DRUGS

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WHAT IS A DRUG?

• A drug is a substance other than food that
  changes the way the body or mind works.
• Drug use is a term used to describe drug-taking
  behavior.
• Responsible drug use is the correct use of legal
  drugs to promote health and well-being.

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DRUG MISUSE AND ABUSE

• Drug misuse is the incorrect use of a
  prescription or over-the-counter drug.
• Drug abuse is the use of an illegal drug or the
  intentional misuse of a prescription or
  over-the-counter drug.

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WAYS DRUGS ENTER THE BODY

• By Mouth- A drug in the form of a pill, capsule,
  or liquid that can be swallowed.
• By Injection- when a drug is injected from a
  syringe or needle.
• By Inhalation- when a drug is inhaled through the
  nose or mouth. It travels to the lungs where it
  enters the bloodstream.
• By Absorption- when a drug is absorbed, it enters
  the bloodstream through the skin or mucous
  membranes. Ex. Ointments, lotions, suppositories

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The effects drugs have on the body are determined
by many factors.

• The way the drug enter the body
• Solubility-fat- soluble drugs stay in the body
  longer than water-soluble
• Weight, age, and health status
• Emotional state
• Use of other drugs

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PRESCRIPTION DRUGS

• A medicine is a drug that is used to treat,
  prevent, or diagnose illness.
• A prescription drug is a medicine that can be
  obtained only with a written order from a
  licensed health professional.
• A pharmacist is an allied health professional who
  dispenses medications prescribed by physicians.

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OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS (OTC)

• An OTC drug is a drug that can be purchased
  without a prescription. Generally, OTC drugs are
  taken to relieve signs and symptoms of an
  illness. These drugs often are not used to cure
  illnesses.

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DRUG DEPENDENCE

• Drug dependence is the continued use of a drug
  even though it harms the body, mind, and
  relationships.
• Chemical dependence and chemical addiction are
  other terms used for drug dependence.
• Physical dependence is a condition in which a
  person develops tolerance and a drug becomes
  necessary, or the person has withdrawal symptoms.

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DRUG DEPENDENCE(CONTINUED)

• Tolerance is a condition in which the body
  becomes used to a drug and larger amounts are
  needed to produce the same effect.
• Withdrawal symptoms are unpleasant reactions that
  occur when a drug is no longer taken.
• Psychological dependence is a strong desire to
  continue using a drug for emotional reasons.

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ALCOHOL IS A POWERFUL DRUG

• Alcohol is a drug in certain beverages that slows
  down the central nervous system and harms body
  organs.
• Beverages such as beer, wine, wine coolers, and
  whiskey contain alcohol.
• Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is the amount
  of alcohol in a persons blood. The higher the
  BAC, the greater the effects of the alcohol.

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A PERSONS BAC DEPENDS ON SEVERAL FACTORS

• How much alcohol a person drinks
• How fast a person drinks
• How much a person weighs
• How a person feels
• How much a person has eaten
• When other drugs are in the bloodstream

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PERCENT AND EFFECTS

• 0.02- A person feels very loose and relaxed.
• 0.06- Reaction time is slowed resulting in
  impaired coordination. Speech is slurred.
  Reasoning, judgment, and self-control are
  affected.
• 0.10- Reasoning, judgment, and self-control are
  seriously impaired.
• 0.12- Vomiting can occur.
• 0.15- Behavior is impaired. Staying awake is
  difficult
• 0.30- A person is in a semi-stupor or deep sleep.
  Most people cannot stay awake to reach this BAC.
• 0.50- Deep coma and death can occur.

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ALCOHOL AND THE BODY

• Alcohol affects
• 1. body senses
• 2. reaction time and coordination
• 3. immune system- the body system that contains
  cells and organs that fight disease.
• 4. mouth, pharynx, larynx, and esophagus
• 5. stomach
• 6. pancreas
• 7. liver- drinking can lead to cirrhosis of the
  liver which is a disease in which the liver
  tissue is destroyed and replaced with scar tissue
• 8. heart and blood vessels
• 9. brain and nervous system
• 10. reproductive system

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ALCOHOL AND THE MIND

• Alcohol can affect the mind by
• 1. Hindering school performance
• 2. affected decision making
• 3. affecting social skills
• 4. attributing to violence
• 5. leading individuals to depression and suicide

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PROBLEM DRINKING AND ALCOHOLISM

• Problem drinking is a pattern of drinking that
  produces difficulties in a persons life.
• A problem drinker is a person who causes problems
  for himself or herself or others when drinking.
• Alcoholism is a disease in which there is
  physical and psychological dependence on alcohol.

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THE EFFECTS OF ALCHOLISM ON FAMILY MEMBERS

• Suspicion
• Insecurity
• Guilt
• Fear
• Disappointment
• Embarrassment
• Resentment

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PERCENTAGE OF ALCOHOL IN DIFFERENT BEVERAGES

• Table wine- 9-12
• Fortified wine- 12-18
• Beer- 3-6
• Light beer- 2.5-3.5
• Distilled spirits (brandy, rum, vodka, scotch,
  whiskey)-40-60
• Wine cooler- 6

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SERVING SIZES OF ALCOHOL

• WINE 4 oz
• BEER 12 oz
• DISTILLED SPIRITS 1.5 oz
• WINE COOLER 12 oz

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CONTROLLED DRUGS AND ILLEGAL DRUG USE

• A controlled drug is a drug whose possession,
  manufacture, distribution, and sale are
  controlled by law. A prescription is needed to
  obtain a controlled drug.
• Illegal drug use is the wrong use, possession,
  manufacture, or sale of controlled drugs and the
  use, possession, manufacture, or sale of illegal
  drugs

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STIMULANTS

• Stimulants are a group of drugs that increase the
  activities of the central nervous system. They
  increase the sense of alertness, and increase
  blood pressure and heart rate.
• Caffeinism is a kind of poisoning due to heavy
  caffeine intake. Some signs include difficulty
  sleeping, mood changes, anxiety, muscle
  twitching, restlessness, headaches, depression,
  stomach pains, and a fast heartbeat.

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COCAINE AND CRACK

• Cocaine is a highly addictive stimulant drug
  obtained from the leaves of the coca bush.
  Cocaine is absorbed through the mucous membrane,
  and is circulated to the heart, lungs, and other
  body organs. The effects are almost immediate.
  When inhaled, it reaches the brain in three
  minutes. If injected, in 15 seconds. If smoked,
  in seven seconds.
• Crack is a purified form of cocaine that produces
  a rapid and intense reaction. It is named for the
  sound it produces when smoked. The effects of
  crack are ten times greater than those of snorted
  cocaine.

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AMPHETAMINES AND METHAMPHETAMINES

• Amphetamines are chemically manufactured
  stimulant drugs that are highly addictive. They
  were used at one time as diet pills.
• Methamphetamines, or meth, are stimulant drugs
  within the amphetamine family. The use of meth
  produces effects similar to cocaine.
• Ecstasy, aka MDMA, is an illegal drug that can
  act as a stimulant as well as a hallucinogen.
  Long term use can harm parts of the brain
  important for thought and memory.

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SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC DRUGS

• Sedative-hypnotic drugs are a group of drugs that
  depress the activities of the central nervous
  system.
• Sedatives are drugs that have a calming effect on
  behavior.
• Hypnotic drugs are drugs that promote drowsiness
  and sleep.
• Barbiturates are a type of sedative that was
  prescribed by physicians to help people sleep.
• Tranquilizers are sedatives that are prescribed
  by a physician to treat anxiety.
• Sedative-hypnotic drugs slow reaction time, and
  have side effects including dizziness, nausea,
  and headaches.

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NARCOTICS

• Narcotics are a group of drugs that slow down the
  central nervous system, cause drowsiness, and can
  be used as painkillers.
• Some narcotics have medical uses when prescribed
  by a physician. Examples include morphine and
  codeine.
• Heroin is an illegal narcotic drug derived from
  morphine.

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MARIJUANA

• Marijuana is a drug containing THC that impairs
  short-term memory and changes mood.
• Marijuana, like smoking, can damage lung tissue.
  It can also suppress the immune system.

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HALLUCINOGENS

• Hallucinogens are a group of drugs that interfere
  with the senses, causing people to see and hear
  things that are not real.
• LSD is a hallucinogen that is often sold
  illegally in powder, tablet, and capsule form.
• LSD is fat-soluble and stays in the body a long
  time
• LSD produces flashbacks. A flashback is a sudden
  illusion that a person has long after having used
  certain drugs.

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PCP and MECALINE

• PCP-(aka angel dust) is a hallucinogen that can
  act as a stimulant or a depressant.
• MESCALINE- is a hallucinogen made from the peyote
  cactus plant. Mescaline can affect the brain
  within 30 seconds after entering the body. Its
  effects can last for 12 hours.

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ANABOLIC STEROIDS

• STUNT GROWTH
• CAUSE HARDENING OF THE ARTERIES
• CAUSE HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
• CAUSE LIVER DAMAGE
• PRODUCE AGGRESSIVE AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR

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HUFFING, SNIFFING, AND BAGGING

• Seizures and sudden death
• Altered states of consciousness
• Changes in behavior
• Kidney and liver failure
• Heart muscle damage
• Brain and nerve damage
• Leukemia
• Lead poisoning
• Ulcers around the mouth and nose
• Short-term memory loss and motor-skill impairment

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SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE

• Talking about trying a drug
• Making plans to be in situations in which there
  will be drugs
• Giving up friends who do not use drugs
• Spending more time with people who use drugs
• Getting into trouble
• Showing no interest in activities
• Having a sloppy appearance
• Joining a gang
• Rebelling against authority
• Smelling like alcohol

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CONTINUED

• Having glassy eyes and a blank stare
• Stumbling
• Having slurred speech
• Hiding drugs
• Lying about drug use

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PROGRESSION TO DRUG DEPENDENCY

• Ill just try it.
• I like the feeling.
• I need some more to feel good.
• I do not have a problem with drugs.
• I just have to have it.

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DRUG-FREE LIFESTYLE

• A drug-free lifestyle is a lifestyle in which
  people do not use harmful and illegal drugs.
• Some teens are more at risk for harmful drug use
  than other teens are. They have certain risk
  factors
• Risk factors are ways that a person might behave
  and characteristics of the environment in which a
  person lives that threaten health, safety, and
  well-being.

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RISK FACTORS FOR HARMFUL DRUG USE IN TEENS

• Having difficult family relationships
• Having negative self-esteem
• Being unable to resist peer pressure
• Being unable to master developmental tasks
• Being economically disadvantaged
• Having one or more biological family members who
  are drug-dependent
• Lacking skills to cope with stressful situations
• having a learning disability and/or doing poorly
  in school
• Having friends who misuse and abuse drugs

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RESISTANCE SKILLS

• Resistance skills are skill used when you want to
  say NO to an action or to leave a situation.

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USING RESISTANCE SKILLS WHEN PRESSURED TO USE
DRUGS

• Use assertive behavior.
• Give reasons for saying NO.
• Use nonverbal behavior to match verbal behavior.
• Avoid being in situations in which there will be
  pressure to use harmful drugs.
• Avoid being with people who use harmful drugs.
• Resist pressure to engage in illegal behavior.
• Influence others to choose responsible behavior.