Endocrinology 4

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Endocrinology 4

• Immune Endocrine Interactions

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Immune System Review

• Innate
• Adaptive

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Cytokines

• Chemokines
• Chemotactic
• Inflammatory
• TNF etc
• Anti-inflammatory
• IL 6
• Growth factors
• Interferon

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Cytokines Communication

• Autocrine
• Self
• Paracrine
• Neighbor
• Juxtacrine
• Specific neighbor
• Endocrine
• blood

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Important Cytokines

• Tumor necrosis factor
• Pro-inflammatory
• Mobilization of anti-microbial substances
• Denial of TNF increases infections
• Can induce production of other cytokines as well
  as cortisol
• Can induce apoptosis in T-cells and tumor cells

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Important Cytokines

• Interleukin 10
• Anti-inflammatory
• Immunostimulatory
• Production of B cells
• Interleukin 6
• Increased in response to variety of stresses
• Acute phase proteins
• Protease inhibitors
• Microbial recognition proteins(C-reactive)
• Cytokine antagonists
• Activation of lipolysis

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Stress Response

• Stressor
• Stress-response
• Systems stimulated by stress
• Hormonal
• Cortisol
• Endorphins
• Sympathetic nervous system
• Epinephrine
• norepinephrine

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Stress Response

• Increases energy availability
• Increased oxygen uptake
• Changes in blood flow
• Inhibition of non-essential systems
• Decreased pain perception
• Enhancement of memory and sensory function

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Stress Response

• Systems Inhibited by Stress
• GnRH, FSH, LH
• GH and somatomedins
• Short term stress my increase GH in humans

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Stress Response

• Metabolic
• Insulin inhibited
• Glucagon, glucocorticoids, cathecholamines
  increase
• Body becomes catabolic
• Cardiovascular
• HR, BP go up
• Vasopressin goes up
• Blood flow changes

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Stress Response

• Gastrointestinal
• Gastric hormones decrease
• Can stress make H. pylori infections worse?
• Reproductive
• Sex hormones drop
• GnRH inhibited by endorphins and CRH
• Implantation less likely because of diminished
  progesterone

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Stress response Pathology

• Catabolism
• Increased CV tone
• Suppression of digestion
• Suppression of growth
• Suppression of reproduction
• Suppression of immunity

• Fatigue, myopathy
• Hypertension
• Ulcers
• Psychogenic dwarfism
• Anovulatory, impotence
• Impaired disease resistance