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Folk Healing

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African Egyptian. Chinese. Indian. Secondary. Babylonian. Greco Hellenistic ... Balance of subtle energies, all life is energy radiating from sun god Ra. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Folk Healing


1
Folk Healing
  • History of Health and Illness
  • Graham, Helen (1999) Complementary therapies in
    context the psychology of healing, Kingsley
    publishers Philadelphia Penn. Pg. 20-41

2
Objectives
  • Identify the major events in the evolution of
    scientific medicine
  • Discuss the development of healing theories
  • Describe the similarity between the origins of
    healing modalities

3
Ancient Healing 10,000-2,000 BC
  • Survival, birth, dehydration, trauma, poisoning
  • Surgery, lancing, needles, casts
  • Massage
  • Nutrition and Herbal treatments
  • Observation, cause and effect

4
Development of Medicinal Herbology
  • Ancient practice.
  • Early science.
  • Writing.
  • Group living.
  • Shared knowledge.
  • Agricultural societies.
  • Observation, foods, plants, conditions.
  • Detailed cause and effect records.

5
Geographic origins of Ancient Traditions
  • Primary
  • African Egyptian
  • Chinese
  • Indian
  • Secondary
  • Babylonian
  • Greco Hellenistic
  • Persia- Iranian

6
Primitive or pre literate
  • Aural-oral traditions
  • Stories
  • Songs
  • Mythology

7
4000-600 BC China
  • 3494 Red Emperor,
  • herbal pharmacology
  • 2698 Yellow Emperor
  • Chinese system, Yin/Yang, 5 elements

8
2000-500BC
  • Founding of Ayurvedic medicine
  • Herbal
  • Meditation, nutrition
  • Egypt., ancient texts, Imhotep. 2980
  • Balance of subtle energies, all life is energy
    radiating from sun god Ra.

9
Western Thought Pythagoras 600 BC
  • Birth of rational thought.
  • Reduced the ancient concept of harmony, music to
    a mathematical formula.
  • Pitch of the note has a ration to the length of
    the string.
  • Mythology and mathematics different sides of the
    same coin.
  • Over time knowledge became viewed as linear
    process.
  • Having an objective reality based on facts that
    can be discovered.
  • Concept of future, progress and the idea that
    given enough time man can discern all possible
    truths.

10
500-300BC
  • Earliest evidence of sharing of knowledge
  • Greece.
  • Temples of healing, health, athletics, cleansing
    (baths)
  • Maintaining proportion, within the soul and in
    relation to physical realities.
  • Panacea dispersers of health, Hygiea harmony with
    nature.

11
Hippocrates 460 BC
  • First medical school.
  • There is one common flow, one common breathing
    All things are in sympathy.
  • Imbalance of the elements.
  • Earth, fire, water, air.
  • Cold, heat, wet, dry.

12
Secretions product of the body
  • Black bile, melancholy
  • Yellow bile, choler
  • Blood
  • Phlegm

13
Health Harmony
  • Organs effected by.
  • Thoughts, feelings, experiences, emotions.
  • Environment.
  • Climate, pollution, level of activity.
  • Symptoms could be seen in any of the secretions
    of the body.

14
Hippocratic Medical Practice
  • 1st to Break with the magico religious tradition
    (cause/effect)
  • Healer as therapist, attendant to the healing
    process
  • Vix medocatrix naturae
  • Natural ability of the bodies life force to
    repair itself

15
Do Not Interfere With Nature
  • Healer roel to Assist the healing process
  • Educate the patient about the illness
  • Look at Effects of natural cycles
  • Sun rise, sun set, position of the stars
  • Condition of the soil and water
  • Time of the year

16
Health and Illness Are Natural, Biological
Process Rather Than the Work of Gods or Spirits.
17
Galen 100 AD.
  • Systematized the Hippocratic doctrine of 4 humors
    and Four Natures

Black Bile Earth
Blood Fire
Dry
Cold
Hot
Humid
Phlegm Water
Yellow Bile Water
18
Temperaments
  • personality types based on the four humors
  • Black bile depression, melancholy
  • Yellow bitterness, hostility
  • Phlegm apathy
  • Sanguine, blood cheerful, optimism

19
Six Necessities
  • Air
  • Food
  • Rest and movement
  • Sleep
  • Emotional, spiritual
  • Excretion, retention

20
Monasteries and Hospitals
  • Religious Charities
  • Poor People go there to die
  • The initiates have knowledge
  • The monks have healing herbs
  • The soldiers have surgery skill

21
Social context
  • Books are valuable, no printing press
  • Books are in palaces, monasteries
  • Wealthy learn (men)
  • Wealthy live (women die in child birth)
  • Wealthy must be special????

22
Europe 1100-1300
  • Medical Schools Founded with in
  • Monasteries, Universities
  • Herb Gardens Kept By Monks

23
1300-1500
  • Great Plagues of Europe, Pneumonic, Syphilis
    Epidemic
  • Body Lice Typhus
  • Polluted Water Cholera
  • First Insane Asylum

24
Effects of Medieval Religion
  • Science is against God, it is pagan
  • Healing is of the devil
  • You should not be rescued from suffering
  • Bacon Man is apart from God
  • Descartes Mind/matter began the divorce of
    science from spirit

25
Witchcraft
  • Herbalists
  • Midwives decreased child mortality
  • Wise woman Usually older.

26
Paracelsus 1493-1541
  • Pharmacology
  • OPIUM (China 100BC)
  • Holistic harmony philosophy
  • Against Galen, corrected the anatomy charts
  • Observation, surgical theaters

27
Colonial America 1776gt
  • Medicine, Victorian Exported European model
  • Small Educated society
  • Social Status
  • Aristocrat
  • Legal protection
  • Competed with Folk Healers and Pharmaceutical
    Companies

28
1500-1700
  • Influenza Epidemic, Vesalius Corrects Galen's
    Mistakes Anatomy, Kirscher Suggests
    Microorganisms Are the Cause of Disease
  • Quinine Used to Treat Malaria
  • Thermometer

29
1700-1825
  • 1770-Use of poisonous plants for cures
  • 1775-Lavoisier describes oxygen
  • 1776-Digitalis (plant deadly night shade) used to
    cure dropsy
  • 1796- first small pox inoculation
  • 1809 elective abdominal surgery
  • 1819 Evaporation and distillation used to make
    alkaloids and tinctures
  • 1822- Pasture developed method of inoculating
    against anthrax and chicken cholera developed
    cure and prevention for rabies

30
1825-1900 Causes Vs, Symptoms
  • 1830- Isolation of anesthesia, ether
  • Theories of Freud, Jung, Darwin
  • 1860-cocaine is isolated form coca leaves
  • 1806s Hand washing
  • 1890 Viruses are isolated
  • 1893 Florence Nightingale demonstrate the
    effects of sanitation on illness in Crimea
  • 1895- X rays discovered
  • 1898 Madame Curie discovers radium
  • 1899 Aspirin is introduced by BAYER

31
1900-1925 WWI (1914-1918)
  • 1901- Blood groups identified, 1st successful
    transfusions
  • 1910- Salvarsan to rx syphilis Pharmaceutical
    industry established
  • 1916- Einstein, theory of relativity
  • 1918-1919- Influenza kills 15 million
  • 1920 1st TB inoculation
  • 1921 Insulin is discovered

32
Growth of the Hospital
  • Sanitarium for TB, Acute Wards for Antibiotic
    Therapy, Surgical Repair, Psychiatric Wards for
    Mental Illness.
  • Disappearance of Homecare
  • Community need for isolation

33
1925-1945 WWII (1939-45)
  • Antiinfective-penicillin, sulfonamide,
    streptomycin
  • 1938- Kidney dialysis
  • Two tiered system
  • Teaching hospitals
  • Revenue producing

34
Sectarians
  • 1900s
  • Thompsonians
  • Christian Scientists
  • Osteopaths
  • Naturopaths
  • Chiropractor
  • Flexner's report

35
Scientific Discovery
  • Establishes body of knowledge
  • 1900 Blood Groups
  • Before 1940s Doctors were educated Folk Healers
  • 1860 Germ Theory
  • Isolation techniques

36
Scientific Medical Community
  • Separation of body and spirit
  • Western medicine based on science
  • Trial and error
  • Research approach
  • Quantitative
  • Qualitative, phenomenological

37
Morbidity and MortalityIllness and Death
  • Prevention and treatment

38
Supremacy of Modern Medicine?
  • Sanitation
  • Nutrition
  • Housing
  • Smaller families
  • Social control
  • Decreased trauma
  • Disease isolation

39
Return of Care Component
  • Curing Married to Caring in Order to Maximize
    Effects

40
2003
  • Identification/unlocking DNA
  • Human biochemistry
  • Immunology, infection, cancer
  • Organ replacement
  • Infertility
  • Imagining technology
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