Title: Folk Healing
1Folk Healing
- History of Health and Illness
- Graham, Helen (1999) Complementary therapies in
context the psychology of healing, Kingsley
publishers Philadelphia Penn. Pg. 20-41
2Objectives
- Identify the major events in the evolution of
scientific medicine - Discuss the development of healing theories
- Describe the similarity between the origins of
healing modalities
3Ancient Healing 10,000-2,000 BC
- Survival, birth, dehydration, trauma, poisoning
- Surgery, lancing, needles, casts
- Massage
- Nutrition and Herbal treatments
- Observation, cause and effect
4Development of Medicinal Herbology
- Ancient practice.
- Early science.
- Writing.
- Group living.
- Shared knowledge.
- Agricultural societies.
- Observation, foods, plants, conditions.
- Detailed cause and effect records.
5Geographic origins of Ancient Traditions
- Primary
- African Egyptian
- Chinese
- Indian
- Secondary
- Babylonian
- Greco Hellenistic
- Persia- Iranian
6Primitive or pre literate
- Aural-oral traditions
- Stories
- Songs
- Mythology
74000-600 BC China
- 3494 Red Emperor,
- herbal pharmacology
- 2698 Yellow Emperor
- Chinese system, Yin/Yang, 5 elements
82000-500BC
- Founding of Ayurvedic medicine
- Herbal
- Meditation, nutrition
- Egypt., ancient texts, Imhotep. 2980
- Balance of subtle energies, all life is energy
radiating from sun god Ra.
9Western Thought Pythagoras 600 BC
- Birth of rational thought.
- Reduced the ancient concept of harmony, music to
a mathematical formula. - Pitch of the note has a ration to the length of
the string. - Mythology and mathematics different sides of the
same coin. - Over time knowledge became viewed as linear
process. - Having an objective reality based on facts that
can be discovered. - Concept of future, progress and the idea that
given enough time man can discern all possible
truths.
10500-300BC
- Earliest evidence of sharing of knowledge
- Greece.
- Temples of healing, health, athletics, cleansing
(baths) - Maintaining proportion, within the soul and in
relation to physical realities. - Panacea dispersers of health, Hygiea harmony with
nature.
11Hippocrates 460 BC
- First medical school.
- There is one common flow, one common breathing
All things are in sympathy. - Imbalance of the elements.
- Earth, fire, water, air.
- Cold, heat, wet, dry.
12Secretions product of the body
- Black bile, melancholy
- Yellow bile, choler
- Blood
- Phlegm
13Health Harmony
- Organs effected by.
- Thoughts, feelings, experiences, emotions.
- Environment.
- Climate, pollution, level of activity.
- Symptoms could be seen in any of the secretions
of the body.
14Hippocratic Medical Practice
- 1st to Break with the magico religious tradition
(cause/effect) - Healer as therapist, attendant to the healing
process - Vix medocatrix naturae
- Natural ability of the bodies life force to
repair itself
15Do Not Interfere With Nature
- Healer roel to Assist the healing process
- Educate the patient about the illness
- Look at Effects of natural cycles
- Sun rise, sun set, position of the stars
- Condition of the soil and water
- Time of the year
16Health and Illness Are Natural, Biological
Process Rather Than the Work of Gods or Spirits.
17Galen 100 AD.
- Systematized the Hippocratic doctrine of 4 humors
and Four Natures
Black Bile Earth
Blood Fire
Dry
Cold
Hot
Humid
Phlegm Water
Yellow Bile Water
18Temperaments
- personality types based on the four humors
- Black bile depression, melancholy
- Yellow bitterness, hostility
- Phlegm apathy
- Sanguine, blood cheerful, optimism
19Six Necessities
- Air
- Food
- Rest and movement
- Sleep
- Emotional, spiritual
- Excretion, retention
20Monasteries and Hospitals
- Religious Charities
- Poor People go there to die
- The initiates have knowledge
- The monks have healing herbs
- The soldiers have surgery skill
21Social context
- Books are valuable, no printing press
- Books are in palaces, monasteries
- Wealthy learn (men)
- Wealthy live (women die in child birth)
- Wealthy must be special????
22Europe 1100-1300
- Medical Schools Founded with in
- Monasteries, Universities
- Herb Gardens Kept By Monks
231300-1500
- Great Plagues of Europe, Pneumonic, Syphilis
Epidemic - Body Lice Typhus
- Polluted Water Cholera
- First Insane Asylum
24Effects of Medieval Religion
- Science is against God, it is pagan
- Healing is of the devil
- You should not be rescued from suffering
- Bacon Man is apart from God
- Descartes Mind/matter began the divorce of
science from spirit
25Witchcraft
- Herbalists
- Midwives decreased child mortality
- Wise woman Usually older.
26Paracelsus 1493-1541
- Pharmacology
- OPIUM (China 100BC)
- Holistic harmony philosophy
- Against Galen, corrected the anatomy charts
- Observation, surgical theaters
27Colonial America 1776gt
- Medicine, Victorian Exported European model
- Small Educated society
- Social Status
- Aristocrat
- Legal protection
- Competed with Folk Healers and Pharmaceutical
Companies
281500-1700
- Influenza Epidemic, Vesalius Corrects Galen's
Mistakes Anatomy, Kirscher Suggests
Microorganisms Are the Cause of Disease - Quinine Used to Treat Malaria
- Thermometer
291700-1825
- 1770-Use of poisonous plants for cures
- 1775-Lavoisier describes oxygen
- 1776-Digitalis (plant deadly night shade) used to
cure dropsy - 1796- first small pox inoculation
- 1809 elective abdominal surgery
- 1819 Evaporation and distillation used to make
alkaloids and tinctures - 1822- Pasture developed method of inoculating
against anthrax and chicken cholera developed
cure and prevention for rabies
301825-1900 Causes Vs, Symptoms
- 1830- Isolation of anesthesia, ether
- Theories of Freud, Jung, Darwin
- 1860-cocaine is isolated form coca leaves
- 1806s Hand washing
- 1890 Viruses are isolated
- 1893 Florence Nightingale demonstrate the
effects of sanitation on illness in Crimea - 1895- X rays discovered
- 1898 Madame Curie discovers radium
- 1899 Aspirin is introduced by BAYER
311900-1925 WWI (1914-1918)
- 1901- Blood groups identified, 1st successful
transfusions - 1910- Salvarsan to rx syphilis Pharmaceutical
industry established - 1916- Einstein, theory of relativity
- 1918-1919- Influenza kills 15 million
- 1920 1st TB inoculation
- 1921 Insulin is discovered
32Growth of the Hospital
- Sanitarium for TB, Acute Wards for Antibiotic
Therapy, Surgical Repair, Psychiatric Wards for
Mental Illness. - Disappearance of Homecare
- Community need for isolation
331925-1945 WWII (1939-45)
- Antiinfective-penicillin, sulfonamide,
streptomycin - 1938- Kidney dialysis
- Two tiered system
- Teaching hospitals
- Revenue producing
34Sectarians
- 1900s
- Thompsonians
- Christian Scientists
- Osteopaths
- Naturopaths
- Chiropractor
- Flexner's report
35Scientific Discovery
- Establishes body of knowledge
- 1900 Blood Groups
- Before 1940s Doctors were educated Folk Healers
- 1860 Germ Theory
- Isolation techniques
36Scientific Medical Community
- Separation of body and spirit
- Western medicine based on science
- Trial and error
- Research approach
- Quantitative
- Qualitative, phenomenological
37Morbidity and MortalityIllness and Death
38Supremacy of Modern Medicine?
- Sanitation
- Nutrition
- Housing
- Smaller families
- Social control
- Decreased trauma
- Disease isolation
39 Return of Care Component
- Curing Married to Caring in Order to Maximize
Effects
402003
- Identification/unlocking DNA
- Human biochemistry
- Immunology, infection, cancer
- Organ replacement
- Infertility
- Imagining technology