The Reproductive

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The Reproductive System
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I. Overviewof Reproductive System

• A. The primary function of the reproductive
  system is to produce offspring. This is
  accomplished by
• 1. sexual maturation of the male resulting in
  production of male gametes (sperm) in the gonads
  (testes).
• 2. sexual maturation of the female resulting
  in production of female gametes (ova) in the
  female gonads, the ovaries.

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• At puberty the male genitalia looks like this

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• The female genitalia looks like this

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II. Male Reproductive Organs

• Testes (seminiferous tubules)
• Epididymus (20 feet)
• Vas deferens becomes ejaculatory duct
• Seminal vesicle makes semen (accessory)
• Prostate gland makes semen activates sperm
  (accessory)
• Urethra and Penis
• Cowpers gland deacidifies urethra (accessory)

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Male Reproductive Organs

• 1. Testes synthesize sperm in seminiferous
  tubules
• 2. Testosterone is synthesized in interstitial or
  leydig cells between seminiferious tubules
• 4. From Rete testis sperm enter epididymus, then
  vas deferns.

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Female reproductive/accessory organs
III. Female Reproductive System

• genitalia is both internal and external
• vagina, uterus, ovaries, uterine tube are
  internal
• mons pubis, clitorus, labia, mammaries are
  external and accessory accessory)

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Female Reproductive

• Ovaries female gonad. Ovarian follicles secrete
  estrogen and progesterone that regulate menses.
  They also produce expel at least one mature ova
  per month.

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• 1. The primary oocyte, is arrested in prophase I
  inside the primordial follicle of the ovary
• 2. Oogenesis is formation of a viable oocyte.
  The oocyte is ovulated from the graffian
  follicle. If and only if there is penetration of
  the oocyte by sperm, does the oocyte mature thru
  phases of meiosis.

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Female Reproductive

• 3. Female duct system
• Fallopian tubes receive ovulated ovum
  (fertilization)
• as ciliated fimbriae move ovum
• b. cervix is narrow neck of uterus

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Female Reproductive Organs

• 4. Uterus (tilts away from vagina)
• a. nourishes a fertilized ovum.
• b. uterine wall (1)functional layer of
  endometrium
• (2)mesometrium smooth muscle layer

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• 5. Vagina is thin walled tube
• (1) is birth canal and copulatory organ

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Female Reproductive Organs

• 5. Mammary glands (glandular alveoli) produce
  milk to nourish an infant.

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• 1. spermatids undergo spermatogenesis
• (1) head is where genetic material resides.
  It is covered by the acrosome, helmet and
  contains enzymes that enable the sperm to
  penetrate the egg.
• (2) midpiece is full of mitochondria for
  energy
• (3) tail is long flagellum produced by
  microtubule protein

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• Male cells
• (2) sertoli cells form a barrier around sperm to
  protect it from immune system. S cells are called
  nurse cells
• (3) they secrete testicular fluid that serves as
  a transport medium

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The End