Identifying Participation Needs of Children with Disabilities using the International Classification

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Identifying Participation Needs of Children with
Disabilities using the International
Classification of Functioning (ICF)

• T. Rosario Román
• romanslp_at_msn.com
• Bilingual Multicultural Services, Inc.
• Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
• ASHA
• 15 18 November 2007, Boston, MA.

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Personal FactorsBilingual Down Syndrome Child
(LR)

• LR, 10-year old female, in 4th grade, comes from
  high SES bilingual professional parents. LR is
  the youngest of 3 children and is involved in
  Girl Scouts, choir, band, theater, Opera, and
  Special Olympics.
• Her father created the program called LUCIA
  (Learning Under Computerized Instruction
  Assistant) which enables her to increase her
  vocabulary, reading and writing skills.

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Personal FactorsBilingual Autistic Child (SC)

• SC, a 7-year old male in 1st grade, comes from
  low SES mono-lingual (Spanish) non-professional
  parents. (School instruction is provided 80 in
  Spanish and 20 in English through 2nd grade.)
  SC is the youngest of 2 children. SC obviously
  enjoys being in school and with his classmates.
• SCs family are highly supportive, attend school
  functions, and are learning English.

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Development Functions of the ICF

• The ICF was developed by the United Nations World
  Health Organization
• The ICF is now a framework for the ASHA Scope of
  Practice and a part of the U.S. Department of
  Educations Early Intervention Data Handbook
  (Version 1.0)
• The ICF can be used to guide assessment and
  intervention for children with developmental
  delays and disorders.

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Applications of the ICF

• to provide a scientific basis for consequences of
  health conditions
• to establish a common language to improve
  communications
• to permit comparison of data across
• countries, health care disciplines, services,
  time
• to provide a systematic coding scheme for health
  information systems
• ICF website http//www3.who.int/icf/

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Interaction of Concepts
Condition (disorder/disease)
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ICF Activities Participation Categories
Capacity an individuals ability to execute a
task or an action Performance what an
individual does in his or her current environment
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Activities and ParticipationChildren with Down
Syndrome or Autism

• Learning and Applying Knowledge
• Interpretation of visual, auditory, tactile,
  olfactory, and taste sensations
• Appropriate attention to tasks
• Academic skills
• Thinking/problem solving (from concrete to
  abstract)
• Communication
• Receptive communication skills
• Expressive communication skills
• Interactive conversational/discourse skills
• Use of technology
• Interpersonal Interactions and Relationships
• Interacting with family, peers, teachers
• Regulating social interactions
• Community, Social and Civic Life
• Recreation and leisure

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Body Structures Children with Down Syndrome or
Autism

• Children with Down Syndrome
• Structural differences in the brain (cortical
  lobe and cerebellum)
• Often have structural difference in Ears (size,
  Eustachian Tube), Eyes (acuity), Mouth,
  Cardiovascular, and/or Digestive system
• Children with Autism
• Typically not obvious structural differences in
  the brain or other body structures

• LR has structural brain differences, but not
  other body structure differences
• SC has no obvious differences in body structures

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Mental Functions for LR and SC
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Mental Functions for LR and SC
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Activities and ParticipationLearning and
Applying Knowledge
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Activities and ParticipationLearning and
Applying Knowledge
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Activities and ParticipationLearning and
Applying Knowledge
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Activities and Participation Communication
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Activities and ParticipationCommunication
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Activities and ParticipationInterpersonal
Interactions and Relationships
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Activities and ParticipationCommunity, Social
and Civic Life
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Summarizing Strengths and Weaknesses for LR
(Down Syndrome)
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Summarizing Strengths and Weaknesses for SC
(Autism)
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Environmental Factors for LR (Down Syndrome)
and SC (Autism)
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Impairment-Based Goals To Build Capacity To
Engage In Interactive Communication
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Social-Based Goals ToBuild Performance For
Participation
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